Lakshmi sits at the feet of Vishnu. "Patriarchy!" someone shouts. Kali stands on Shiva's chest. "Female power!" someone cheers.
Lakshmi sits at the feet of Vishnu. “Patriarchy!” someone shouts. Kali stands on Shiva’s chest. “Female power!” someone cheers. Shiva as Ardhanareshwar, half a woman. “Gender equality,” someone asserts. These images are at least a thousand years old. They are as popular today as they were then. So what do they say about Indian society? Patriarchal? Matriarchal? Gender-sensitive? All of the above? None of the aboveu00a0
All of the above confuses us, as Indian society is undoubtedly patriarchal, but not as uniformly and universally as media would like us to believe and the West is eager to publicize u00a0My answer would be: none of the above u00a0But my voice will not be heard. For I follow the Indian way of seeing which celebrates the symbolic, the subjective and the subtle not the modern (read Western) way of seeing which is rooted in the literal, the objective and the mathematical. The Indian lens allows us to find infinite meanings in the scriptures. The Western lens permits only one, preferably one that is simple, easy to understand, hence popular.u00a0
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Illustration/ Devdutt Pattanaik
In fact, the Indian method of interpretation is not part of academia because academia as we know it today is based on Western principles where the tangible matters more than the intangible, the measurable matters more than the immeasurable, statistics matters more than sensitivity, things matter more than thoughts, and imagination is dismissed as fiction.u00a0Every time I try to explain the Indian methodology, I notice restlessness in the audience. They get impatient. They want a quick and simple answer. A prescription. A directive. A clear reference. An objective interpretation based on ‘facts’. It is this yearning that has turned Manu Smriti and Ramayan into prescriptive texts – something they never were intended to be.
In fact, to use Manu Smriti and Ramayan in the same breath would only bring despair to one familiar with the Indian gazeu00a0The West looks at religious books as tools of indoctrination. When the British saw texts and imagery that they classified as Hindu, they found reasons to justify the white man’s rule.
When the American scholars saw the same texts and imagery they found reasons to enforce their version of democracy. When the feminists saw the same texts and imagery they saw the cause of patriarchy. Likewise, even leftists saw the texts and imagery, they saw the cause of feudalism. In the same vein, the Right-wing sees these texts and imagery they only see their version of glorious golden India. But there is another way of looking at these texts and imagery. Attempts to present this way of seeing is condemned as challenging the dominant hegemonic Western template and is dismissed as an exercise in apology and defence.
So you feel gagged. You keep quiet. The more you study Indian scriptures, the more you realize that things are not what they seem: a rock is not a rock, a tree is not a tree, Ram is not a man, Sita is a not a woman, Hanuman is not a monkey, violence is not violence, lovemaking is not lovemaking. It is whatever the beholder makes it out to be (very post modern). But the point is for the beholder to become wiser, witness himself watching and interpreting, become aware of every bias, outgrow the need for prejudices, while empathizing with others who do so, not attempting to correct them. The more the observer expands his mind and widens his gaze, the less he will cling to the literal and the prejudicial. He will see the spirit of the form, the formless idea beyond the shape and the name. Then the representation does not matter, for reality reveals itself. This is called darshan.
Darshan is not seeing objective reality; it is the ability to see subjective reality and the subject. The thought behind the image as well as the thought behind the interpretation of the image. Yes, Hindus worship rocks. But no, Hindus do not worship rocks. Yes, Hindus worship Ram who abandoned his wife. But no, Ram did not actually abandon his wife. Yes, Draupadi was disrobed by men in public. But Draupadi is not actually a woman and Krishna is not actually a man. u00a0These conflicting confusing ambiguous Indian statements made by many a scholar makes sense one you learn to do ‘darshan’. So the same Ramayan can come across as a patriarchal document, matriarchal document, gender-netural document, spiritual document, uplifting or degrading appointment, depending on the nature of the observer’s gaze. Like the idol of the deity in a Hindu temple, meaning comes from the devotee. As many devotees, as many evenings. There is notjust the one. u00a0The point of upanishad or intimate conversation is to develop darshan. It is not a conversation between master (who knows) and student (who does not know). It is a dialogue that allows both parties to see more by appreciating the other’s point of view. It is not about argument or consensus but clarification.
For me Lakshmi sitting at Vishnu’s feet, Kali on top of Shiva and Shiva as half a woman represent three different aspectsof the same thing. And my interpretation has changed every time I look at them. And it keeps widening, each wider gaze making room for the earlier narrower gaze. It reveals at one level relationship of man and woman, at another level the relationship of mind and matter, and at another level culture and nature. It is about power not just between men and women but also between men and between women and between humans and animals. u00a0Ultimately one has to realize these are not tools of prescriptions. These are tools of reflection. The point is the not what is being shown. The point is the mindset of who is actually seeing.
The author is Chief Belief Officer of the Future Group, and can be reached at devdutt@devdutt.com
The views expressed in this column are the individual’s and don’t represent those of the paper.u00a0
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