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New paper-based device to make on-spot glucose testing using smartphone

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur have developed a new low-cost, paper-based analytical device that can be connected to smartphones to provide on-spot detection of glucose levels. The device carries a lab-based functionalised biodegradable paper which changes colour based on the level and amount of glucose present. When connected to a smartphone, it provides quick, easy-to-access, and even personalised results. Also Read: Diabetes on rise among youngsters in India: Expert speaks about the reasons behind the chronic disease and ways to manage it "This device can provide on-the-spot glucose testing results without requiring technical or sophisticated laboratory settings. Additionally, it is designed to be cost-effective and biodegradable, with the current cost at only about Rs. 10 in the lab. The team hopes to further make it even cheaper during mass production, at Rs 5," said the researchers in a statement. While paper-based analytical devices have been in use earlier, they required specific light conditions to work. Also Read: Fixing sleep cycle crucial to dodge diabetes, obesity, heart diseases: Doctors However, the researchers employed machine learning to make the device compatible with all smartphones to work and transmit information seamlessly under nearly all possible light conditions. "Smartphones offer seamless integration with other technologies and platforms. The ability to connect the smartphone-based spot detection framework to a larger network or database can facilitate remote monitoring, data storage, and sharing of results. This connectivity can be crucial for healthcare professionals or researchers," said Ankur Gupta, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Jodhpur, in the statement. The researchers noted that the technology can be adaptable for the screening and diagnostic analysis of uric acid, and other diseases. The findings are published in the journal ACS Publications. Also Read: Poor oral health linked to diabetes and pregnancy complications; healthy diet crucial: Dentists "This study demonstrates that this developed system is equipped for initial disease screening at the user end. By incorporating machine learning techniques, the platform can provide reliable and accurate results, thus paving the way for estimating the accuracy of the results for improved initial healthcare screening and diagnosis of any disease," Ankur said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.

28 March,2024 02:19 PM IST | Jodhpur | IANS
India could face a significant decline in population in the years to come due to the drop in fertility rates. Photo Courtesy: iStock

Mid-Day Premium India’s fertility rate plummets, doctors seek solutions

A recent study in the medical journal The Lancet revealed a substantial decline in India’s fertility rate, from nearly 6.2 in 1950 to just under two in 2021. The report further projects a continued decrease to 1.29 in 2050 and 1.04 in 2100. This decline aligns with global trends, with the total fertility rate (TFR) witnessing a similar decrease.  From over 4.8 children per woman in 1950, the TFR has dropped to 2.2 children per woman in 2021. Globally, it is expected to decline to 1.8 in 2050 and further to 1.6 in 2100. Experts caution that if the findings of the Lancet study are accurate, India could face a significant decline in population in the years to come.  So what is the cause behind the low fertility rate in both men and women? We asked health experts to dig deep into the details published in the study. They dissect the causes, health impacts of infertility and solutions.   Dr Surabhi Siddhartha, consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospital, Kharghar, “Several factors contribute to the rising infertility rates in both men and women. These include delayed childbearing due to various reasons like pursuing education, career goals, or financial stability. Environmental factors such as pollution, exposure to toxins, and climate change can also impact fertility. Stress, unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, and chronic medical conditions like diabetes can further exacerbate infertility issues.”  Further, Dr Ritu Hinduja, fertility consultant, at Nova IVF Fertility, Mumbai, says, “Delayed childbearing, especially in women, increases the risk of infertility due to declining fertility with age. Further, lifestyle factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug use can also impact fertility in both men and women.”  Infertility in men can occur due to factors such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology. This can be caused by conditions like hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, infections, or lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or drug use.  In women, infertility may result from ovulatory disorders, fallopian tube blockages, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine abnormalities, or age-related factors.  Other medical conditions such as endometriosis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and obesity can also cause infertility.Also Read: City residents more prone to hyperpigmentation: Experts recommend home remedies How can climate change impact fertility rates? Siddhartha: Climate change can indirectly affect fertility by influencing environmental factors like air and water quality, temperature fluctuations, and food supply. Exposure to environmental pollutants and toxins can disrupt hormone balance in both men and women, leading to reproductive issues. Additionally, extreme weather events and natural disasters associated with climate change can cause physical and psychological stress, which may affect fertility. Does infertility have adverse health impacts: Siddhartha: Infertility can have significant emotional, psychological, and physical implications for both men and women. It can lead to stress, anxiety, depression, and strain on relationships. Moreover, underlying medical conditions contributing to infertility may also impact overall health and well-being.  Hinduja: In men, infertility may be associated with hormonal imbalances and increased risk of conditions like testicular cancer. In women, infertility can impact hormonal balance, and menstrual regularity, and may exacerbate conditions like PCOS or endometriosis, potentially leading to long-term health consequences. What role does a diet play in one’s fertility? Siddhartha: Diet plays a crucial role in fertility for both men and women. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids, which support reproductive health. Hinduja: An unhealthy diet high in processed foods, saturated fats, sugar, and excessive caffeine or alcohol intake can negatively impact fertility by contributing to obesity, hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and oxidative stress. What foods expose one to the risk of developing infertility? Siddhartha: Certain foods and dietary habits can increase the risk of infertility. These include processed foods, sugary beverages, trans fats, excessive caffeine consumption, and alcohol. These foods can disrupt hormone levels, promote inflammation, and impair reproductive function in both men and women. What foods can contribute to a healthy fertility rate?Hinduja: A fertility-friendly diet includes foods rich in antioxidants (fruits, vegetables, nuts), omega-3 fatty acids (fatty fish, flaxseeds), and folate (leafy greens, legumes) which support reproductive health. Additionally, foods high in zinc (oysters, poultry, beans) and vitamin D (fatty fish, fortified foods) benefit fertility. Consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy weight are key to promoting fertility in both men and women. How can men and women ensure a healthy fertility rate? Siddhartha: To ensure healthy fertility, couples should adopt lifestyle practices that support reproductive health, such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, managing stress levels, avoiding exposure to environmental toxins, and practising safe sex to prevent sexually transmitted infections.  Hinduja: Seeking regular medical check-ups and addressing any underlying health conditions promptly is also essential for optimising fertility. Also Read: Varicose veins prevalent in 40 to 50 pct Indians: Don’t ignore this conditionCan infertility be treated? According to both experts, infertility can be treated effectively, depending on the underlying cause. Treatment options for men and women may include: Treatment for men: Medications: Hormonal therapy or medications to improve sperm production and quality. Surgery: Varicocele repair, vasectomy reversal, or sperm retrieval procedures. Lifestyle changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including diet modifications, exercise, and avoiding environmental toxins. Treatment for women: Ovulation induction: Fertility drugs like clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is directly injected into the uterus during ovulation to increase the chances of fertilisation. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF): Fertilisation of eggs with sperm outside the body, followed by embryo transfer into the uterus. Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery to treat conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, or blocked fallopian tubes. The choice of treatment depends on various factors such as the underlying cause of infertility, age, overall health, and personal preferences. Couples need to consult with a fertility specialist or gynaecologist to explore their options and develop a personalised treatment plan tailored to their needs. How much do infertility treatments cost? Siddhartha: The cost of infertility treatment can vary widely depending on the type of procedure, the clinic or hospital, geographic location, and any additional medications or tests required.  Hinduja: ART procedures like IVF or IUI can cost several thousand to lakhs per cycle, including medication, laboratory fees, and clinic charges. Surgical interventions may incur additional expenses for pre-operative tests, hospitalisation, and post-operative care. Couples need to discuss the potential costs and financial implications of infertility treatment with their healthcare provider and explore options for insurance coverage or financial assistance programs. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.

28 March,2024 09:00 AM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha Ahire
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Why intermittent fasting may not be beneficial for women?

While intermittent fasting is known to help people lose weight, and have better health with good control of blood pressure and fats, the popular diet plan may not be good for women, according to an expert. Edwina Raj, Head of Services, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, told IANS that the health impact of intermittent fasting in women may be different, compared to men. “The female hormones oestrogen and progesterone are impacted; and may in turn affect your period and fertility,” Edwina said. “During your periods, the rise and fall of hormones is controlled by another hormone called GnRH. When a woman fasts, the GnRH hormone is disturbed, hence affecting the balance of oestrogen and progesterone. Now, due to disruption in the oestrogen and progesterone, women may feel cranky, have headaches, get lower sex drive, and face trouble sleeping, among others,” the expert explained. While intermittent fasting can cause disruption in any woman's health, it may spur more trouble for those who are trying to conceive, who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Women trying to conceive “should avoid fasting as it can lower the ovulation rate and make it harder to get pregnant,” the dietician told IANS. “It is advisable that those women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not indulge in fasting, because the body needs extra fuel for the baby or for milk production,” she added. Further, the diet plan may also not help women with eating disorders as it can provoke unhealthy eating habits and also those on medications because fasting may interrupt certain drugs. So, what can be the way out? The expert noted that “there is no such rule that women can never do intermittent fasting. With considerable precautions women, too, can benefit from it, without impacting their health.” She suggested beginning with a 12-hour fast and gradually extending it by 2 hours a week. Also, one must eat healthy during eating windows and include in their diet lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and avoid processed foods. “The best time to fast during your menstrual cycle is a day or two after your period starts, or a week or so later. Make sure to break your fast with a high-protein or high-fibre meal. Take advice from a registered dietitian before proceeding with intermittent fasting,” Edwina said. Also Read: World Happiness Report 2024: Old Indian women most satisfied in life

27 March,2024 01:43 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
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65 pct of youngsters experience psychogenic erectile dysfunction, here's why

Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (PED) is a growing matter of concern among youngsters that is frequently overlooked. The rising expectations for sexual performance, combined with feelings of anxiety and stress, can contribute to PED in over 65 pct of those aged 22-30. It is crucial to adopt a comprehensive strategy in dealing with PEDs among youngsters, which involves delving into psychological elements and incorporating therapy or counselling into the treatment plan. “Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (PED) is becoming a source of anxiety for youngsters due to unattainable standards imposed by society on sexuality and performance. The prevalence of social media has also heightened the pressure on young people to portray themselves as sexually confident and potent at all times. This constant comparison with idealized images can magnify feelings of inadequacy and performance anxiety, ultimately amplifying stress levels associated with PEDs among youngsters. Over 65 per cent of youngsters aged 22-30 feel compelled to measure up to these. Additionally, the societal taboo surrounding discussions on sexual health and mental well-being only adds to the distress experienced by young individuals dealing with PEDs. The lack of open channels for communication hinders their ability to seek assistance or support, further deepening their sense of isolation and inadequacy,” said Dr Amit Bansal, Uro and Andrology, Apollo Spectra Delhi. Also Read: 8 early signs of kidney cancer and symptoms you cannot ignore Psychogenic erectile dysfunction (PED) deeply impacts a man's confidence and relationships. Unlike physical causes of erectile dysfunction, such as health problems or medication side effects, PEDs arise from psychological factors like stress, anxiety, or trauma. This emotional aspect makes PEDs challenging to treat and will need a comprehensive approach. Symptoms of PED can be struggling due to performance, and unresolved emotional issues from the past contributing to their difficulties. A common sign is the sudden onset of erection problems without any underlying medical conditions and lack of sexual desire even in intimate situations. Even psychological factors like stress, anxiety, depression, or past traumas can worsen PED symptoms and hinder sexual performance. “The rise in cases of Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (PED) among young people is a troubling trend that highlights the intricate relationship between mental health and sexual function. The mounting pressure to succeed in various areas of life is causing over 65 per cent of youths aged 22-35 to experience heightened levels of stress and anxiety, which can lead to sexual difficulties. The digital era has also influenced how young individuals perceive sexuality, often resulting in unrealistic expectations and performance anxiety. Societal norms and stereotypes regarding masculinity can worsen the situation by stigmatizing seeking help for psychological issues related to sexual health. To address PEDs in young people, it is crucial to prioritize open communication and education about sexual health. By normalising discussions around erectile dysfunction and providing a safe environment for youths to express their concerns, we can reduce the stigma associated with the condition and encourage early intervention. Mindful practices and stress-reduction techniques can aid in managing PEDs among youngsters. By focusing on overall well-being and addressing underlying psychological factors, we can effectively combat PEDs in young men and help them regain their sexual confidence,” concludes Dr Bansal.

27 March,2024 12:55 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
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Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night may raise risk of stroke: Study

People being continuously exposed to outdoor artificial light at night may be at a higher risk of having a stroke, a new research reviewing more than 28,000 adults in China has found. The researchers said the excessive use of artificial light for enhancing visibility at night has resulted in about 80 per cent of the world's population living in light-polluted environments. The team, including researchers from Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, assessed the adults' exposure to residential outdoor nighttime light using satellite images that mapped light pollution. Cases of stroke were confirmed by the hospital medical records and the death certificates, they said. Their analysis after following up on the participants over six years showed that 1,278 people developed cerebrovascular disease, including 777 ischemic (clot-caused) stroke cases and 133 hemorrhagic (bleeding) stroke cases. The people with the highest levels of exposure to outdoor light at night were also found to have a 43 per cent increased risk of developing cerebrovascular disease compared to those with the lowest levels of exposure. "Our study suggests that higher levels of exposure to outdoor artificial light at night may be a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease," said Jian-Bing Wang, a researcher in the department of public health and department of endocrinology of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. "Therefore, we advise people, especially those living in urban areas, to consider reducing that exposure to protect themselves from its potential harmful impact," said Wang, one of the corresponding authors of the study published in the journal 'Stroke'. Continuous exposure to artificial light from fluorescent, incandescent and LED sources can suppress the body's ability to produce melatonin -- the sleep-promoting hormone, thereby disrupting the 24-hour internal clock and impairing sleep, the researchers said. "We need to develop more effective policies and prevention strategies to reduce the burden of disease from environmental factors such as light as well as air pollution, particularly for people living in the most densely populated, polluted areas around the world," said Wang. While light pollution has been previously studied to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, the researchers said this was one of the first studies to explore the relationship between exposure to light pollution at night and the potential risk to brain health and stroke. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.

26 March,2024 06:26 PM IST | New Delhi | PTI
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How precision cardiology with personalised care can help India tackle CVD burden

Precision cardiology, which integrates genetics and data science, can offer personalised treatment and help India fight the significant burden of cardiovascular disease, said health experts on Tuesday. The World Health Organisation states that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for 27 per cent of total deaths in India every year, and 45 per cent of deaths occur in the 40-69 year age group. “The incidence of heart disease is escalating rapidly due to factors such as sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, tobacco use, excessive alcohol intake, and poor sleep patterns. These behaviours contribute to high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and the development of diabetes,” Dr. Ziad Ali, Director of Interventional & Structural Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, Roslyn, New York, said. The doctor noted that although preventive steps can be taken, once the condition establishes itself, it necessitates proper management and intervention -- here comes the role of precision cardiology. Precision Cardiology integrates a person’s genetics, lifestyle, and environmental exposures to prevent, diagnose, and treat CVDs, the health experts explained. Also Read: Cardiovascular diseases on the rise among young citizens post-COVID-19 “Precision cardiology is an emerging approach that integrates the latest advancements in molecular biology, genetics, and data science with traditional cardiology to deliver highly personalised care tailored to an individual's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and other unique characteristics,” Dr. Ziad said. “India faces unique challenges due to its high CVD burden combined with a diversity of socio-economic conditions and a large rural population. Precision cardiology can serve as a bridge in this gap by delivering customised care and incorporating advanced techniques that cater to the needs of the individual, despite these challenges,” he added. In the individualised approach, interventional cardiologists use advanced imaging and functional techniques to assess the necessity, location and nature of the intervention. This majorly includes diagnostic tools like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fractional flow reserve (FFR), which enable early detection of vulnerable plaque that's at risk of rupturing, the direct mechanism of heart attacks; and also guide the placement and optimisation of stents, to treat blockages before they lead to a heart attack. These “technologies can flag at-risk patients of heart attacks years before they occur. They include incorporating AI into conventional investigations to predict disease patterns, genetic testing, identifications of inflammatory biomarkers, telemedicine and remote monitoring,” Dr. Atul Mathur - Executive Director, Interventional Cardiology and Chief of Cath Lab, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, told IANS. Also Read: Varicose veins prevalent in 40 to 50 per cent Indians: Don’t ignore this condition “Precision Cardiology also explains to us why different patients having the same disease respond differently to interventions. It can tackle the cardiac care challenges of the 21st century Indians through early risk assessment, personalised treatment plans and optimisation of resources,” he added.

26 March,2024 02:46 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
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What is psychodermatology and how it helps you attain emotional skincare

For generations, the beauty industry has focused on achieving flawless skin, often with a product-centric approach. But what if our skin held the key to not just outward beauty, but also internal well-being? Enter the exciting realm of emotional skincare, a movement that bridges the gap between beauty and mental health, recognizing the profound connection between the two. This shift is supported by growing scientific evidence. Psychodermatology, a branch of dermatology that explores the mind-skin connection, reveals how stress, anxiety, and depression can manifest in skin conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Conversely, healthy skin-care practices can positively impact our mood and emotional well-being. So, how can we embrace emotional skincare? Here are some key aspects: Move beyond simply applying products. Approach your skincare routine as a mindful self-care ritual. Focus on your breath, be present in the moment, and connect with your senses. This creates a space for relaxation and reduces stress, which benefits your skin. Instead of chasing trends or unrealistic beauty standards, prioritise healthy functioning skin. Consult a dermatologist to understand your skin type and specific needs, and choose products accordingly. Remember, healthy skin doesn't have to be "flawless." Gently massage your face while applying products to calm and reduce stress hormones. Facial massage can also improve circulation and lymphatic drainage, both beneficial for skin health and mental health. Also Read: Varicose veins prevalent in 40 to 50 per cent Indians: Don’t ignore this condition While products can play a significant role, emotional skincare is about holistic well-being. Prioritise quality sleep, manage stress through activities like yoga or meditation and nourish your body with healthy foods. Remember, true beauty radiates from within. Society often bombards us with unrealistic beauty ideals. Instead, cultivate self-compassion and acceptance. Celebrate your unique skin, scars, and all. This shift in perspective can significantly improve your mental health and your relationship with your skin. Recent developments in emotional skincare: The landscape of wellness and self-care is constantly evolving, and skincare brands are at the forefront of this movement, integrating holistic practices, like NeuroGlow (Mintel's 2024 trend), into their products and messaging. This mind-body connection, explored through the lens of Psychodermatology, is revolutionising how we approach skin health. One key development lies in the rise of personalised skincare. By addressing individual skin concerns and emotional needs, brands empower individuals to create a connection with their routines. Technology further empowers informed self-care through teledermatology, providing convenient online access to dermatological expertise. This removes barriers and fosters a deeper understanding of individual skin needs. Mood science plays a crucial role in this conversation, as research increasingly reveals how emotions can impact our skin's health. Stress, for instance, can manifest as breakouts or exacerbate existing conditions. To address this, brands are incorporating aromatherapy into their offerings. Essential oils, with their mood-boosting and calming properties, offer a natural approach to promoting emotional well-being and radiant skin. Also Read: Dry fasting doubles detox speed: Expert guide to fast during Ramadan Psychodermatology in Action: Embracing emotional skincare is not just about achieving clearer skin, but about fostering healthier, happier skin and cultivating a radiant you – Inside and out. However, true transformation goes beyond the surface. The burgeoning field of Psychodermatology unveils the critical link between our emotions and skin health. This groundbreaking science delves into the skin-mind connection, the missing link in truly holistic beauty regimens. By understanding how stress, anxiety, and even happiness influence our skin, we can create personalized solutions that address the root cause of concerns, not just the symptoms. Therefore, embracing emotional skincare and delving deeper into the skin-mind connection isn't just a trend; it's the future of holistic beauty. It's about empowering individuals to achieve radiant skin and a sense of well-being that truly shines from within. By prioritising mindful practices, celebrating your unique beauty, and seeking professional help when needed, you can create a holistic self-care approach that benefits your skin and mental health. Remember, true beauty radiates from a place of self-love and acceptance, and emotional skincare is a powerful tool to help you get there. (Malvika Jain is the Founder & CEO of Sereko) This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever

26 March,2024 02:31 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
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India's declining fertility rate puts policymakers in New Delhi on alert

As India grapples with a decline in fertility rates, policymakers in New Delhi face mounting pressure to avert the looming demographic challenges reminiscent of ageing Asian economies such as China and Japan. According to Nikkei Asia, a recent report published in The Lancet journal underscores the urgency for India to take proactive measures as it races against time to mitigate the adverse effects of its dwindling fertility rates. According to the Lancet report, India's total fertility rate has witnessed a sharp decline over the decades, plummeting from nearly 6.2 in 1950 to just under 2 in 2021. Projections indicate a further decrease to 1.29 by 2050 and a concerning 1.04 by 2100. This trend aligns with a broader global downtrend in fertility rates, with the global average declining from 4.5 in 1950 to 2.2 in 2021. The global figure is anticipated to slide further to 1.8 in 2050 and 1.6 in 2100. Dr Prakhar Singh, Consultant Critical Care and Diabetolgy, OSVI Healthcare said, "The global fertility rate has been progressively declining and in the last 70 years has come down by almost 50 per cent. The situation in India is no different." Experts warn that the rapid decline in fertility rates, coupled with an increase in life expectancy, poses multifaceted challenges for policymakers in New Delhi. These challenges include ensuring adequate social security and healthcare provisions for the growing elderly population and creating employment opportunities to harness their skills effectively. Dr Singh said, "Lower fertility rates, coupled with increased life expectancies around the world, are creating an ageing population. Since 1950, the global median age has grown from 25 years to 33 years. An older population comes with several economic risks, including rising healthcare costs and a smaller global workforce. this ultimately leads to a economic slowdown." Social imbalances, including wealth disparities and gender biases favoring male children over girls, could exacerbate these challenges, creating stark imbalances among different sections of the population. Despite the declining fertility rates, the United Nations projects India's population to surpass 1.6 billion by 2050. While a large population presents its own set of challenges, policymakers have long emphasized the potential economic benefits of India's youthful demographic profile, often referred to as a demographic dividend. However, there is a pressing need to maximize this advantage before India risks falling into the middle-income trap, wherein once-vibrant economies stagnate before reaching high-income status. Various factors contribute to the decline in fertility rates in India, including obesity, stress, smoking, and environmental pollution. Research indicates that the general fertility rate in India has dropped by 20 per cent over the past decade, affecting approximately 30 million people. Dr Zahoorullah S, Chief Innovation Officer AIC ALEAP WEHUB said, "Among the 3,782 identified cases of infertility in women, 1,242 (10.7 per cent) reside in urban areas, where lifestyles characterized by high stress levels and dietary patterns are prevalent. Various field studies have indicated that women engaged in sedentary employment are 20 per cent more likely to experience infertility issues." The surge in demand for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatments underscores the growing prevalence of infertility issues, with the IVF market projected to reach USD 3.7 billion by 2030, compared to USD 793 million in 2020. Looking ahead, India is likely to witness a dramatic increase in the population of senior citizens, presenting additional challenges for policymakers in New Delhi. Unless promptly addressed, the demographic shift will strain social security programs and the country's healthcare infrastructure. Policymakers must navigate these challenges strategically to ensure sustainable socio-economic development and well-being for all segments of society.  This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.

26 March,2024 01:55 PM IST | Mumbai | ANI
Discomfort caused by varicose veins can worsen by prolonged standing or sitting. Pic/iStock

Mid-Day Premium All you need to know about varicose veins and its impact on health

Heeral Singhal, a 42-year-old data analyst from Mumbai, first noticed swollen and twisted veins on her legs. Initially dismissing them as trivial, she chose to ignore the symptoms, hoping they would disappear over time. However, as days turned into weeks, the discomfort and pain associated with the swollen veins became increasingly unbearable, interfering with her daily activities and work responsibilities. Finally reaching a breaking point, Heeral sought medical assistance. After consulting with healthcare professionals, she was diagnosed with varicose veins. This revelation shed light on the underlying cause of her discomfort and prompted her to take action. This brings us to the question: What are varicose veins?  “Varicose veins are often misunderstood condition that affects 40 to 50 percent of Indians. These enlarged, twisted veins can appear blue or purple and typically occur in the legs. While varicose veins are generally harmless, they have been found to cause discomfort or pain for some individuals,” shares Dr Jaisom Chopra, vascular surgeon, Apollo Delhi.  Also Read: Mumbai: Why teachers are up in arms against state One misconception about varicose veins is that they only affect older adults. However, it's a known fact that they can develop at any age due to factors including genetics, pregnancy, obesity or prolonged periods of standing, Chopra tells Midday. For some individuals, the visible appearance of varicose veins can lead to feelings of insecurity or embarrassment. However, it's important to note that treatment options are available for those seeking relief from symptoms or wishing to improve the cosmetic appearance of their veins. By understanding more about varicose veins and their causes, individuals can make informed decisions to manage this common condition effectively. What are the symptoms of varicose veins?  Chopra: More than just a cosmetic concern; varicose veins can cause discomfort and pain. One common symptom is the appearance of bulging, twisted veins on the legs, which can be unsightly and embarrassing for many individuals.  These veins may also feel heavy or achy, especially after standing for long periods. Some people with varicose veins may experience swelling in their legs and ankles, a condition known as edema. This swelling can make it difficult to wear clothes or shoes comfortably and may be accompanied by a feeling of tightness in the affected area. In severe cases, varicose veins can lead to skin discoloration or ulcers that require medical attention.  Symptoms of varicose veins may include:  1.    Visible, twisted, or bulging veins that are dark purple or blue 2.    Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet 3.    Aching or heaviness in the legs, especially after standing or sitting for extended periods 4.    Throbbing or cramping in the legs 5.    Itching around the affected veins 6.    Discomfort worsened by prolonged standing or sitting 7.    Skin discolouration or ulcers near the ankles in severe cases.  How can this condition be diagnosed?  Chopra: The diagnosis of varicose veins typically begins with a physical examination conducted by a healthcare professional. During this examination, the healthcare provider may visually inspect the affected area, focusing on the legs and feet, where varicose veins commonly occur. By visually examining the veins, they can identify any visible signs of varicose veins, such as bulging, twisted veins that may be dark purple or blue in colour. Additionally, they may palpate the area, feeling for any abnormalities or areas of tenderness, which can help assess the severity of the condition. Also Read: Dry fasting doubles detox speed: Expert guide to fast during Ramadan In addition to the physical examination, specialised tests such as ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound may be utilised to aid in the diagnosis of varicose veins. Ultrasound imaging allows healthcare professionals to visualise the veins beneath the skin and assess blood flow within the veins. Doppler ultrasound, a specific type of ultrasound, can accurately assess venous reflux, which occurs when the valves within the veins malfunction, leading to blood pooling and the development of varicose veins.  By combining visual inspection with imaging techniques such as ultrasound, the presence and severity of varicose veins can be accurately assessed, along with any underlying issues that may be contributing to the condition.  Treating varicose veins Chopra: Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses laser energy to seal off the affected vein. This technique has shown promising results in reducing pain and discomfort associated with varicose veins, offering patients a quicker recovery time and minimal scarring compared to traditional surgical methods. RFA targets the underlying cause of varicose veins, providing long-term relief by closing off the vein and redirecting blood flow to healthier vessels. Sclerotherapy involves injecting a solution directly into the affected vein to make it collapse and eventually fade away. This procedure is suitable for smaller varicose veins or spider veins and can be performed in an outpatient setting with little to no downtime.  How can one prevent the occurrence of varicose veins?  Chopra: To prevent varicose veins, it is important to maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet. Incorporating swimming or cycling can help improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of developing varicose veins. Practicing good posture and avoiding long periods of sitting or standing can also help prevent the development of these unsightly veins. Elevate your legs regularly throughout the day, especially after long periods of sitting or standing to promote healthy blood flow and reduce pressure on the veins in your lower body. Wearing compression stockings can provide support to your veins and help prevent blood from pooling in the legs, reducing the risk of developing varicose veins over time.   Also Read: 8 early signs of kidney cancer and symptoms you cannot ignore

26 March,2024 10:27 AM IST | Mumbai | Ainie Rizvi
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Mid-Day Premium City residents more prone to hyperpigmentation: Experts recommend home remedies

Cosmetic products like concealers and colour correctors are magic wands that help us hide dark patches and other kinds of skin discolourations, dark circles, acne and blemishes. However, these little premium sticks and tubes are temporary fixes and far from treating the skin condition from its roots. Dark patches that gradually develop on our faces are a case of hyperpigmentation.  Skin experts say, hyperpigmentation mostly affects people who reside in urban areas. While hyperpigmentation may seem like a minor skin condition, it is essential to treat it in time to avoid severe skin diseases.   If you have been profusely looking for tips to get rid of those dark patches sitting on your face, we have skin gurus dishing out skin-friendly tips to help you manage hyperpigmentation effectively.   Causes of hyperpigmentation  Dr Rinky Kapoor, consultant dermatologist, cosmetic dermatologist and dermato-surgeon, The Esthetic Clinics, says, “Dark spots or patches on the face, also known as hyperpigmentation, can be caused by various factors including overexposure to the sun, hormonal imbalances, especially during pregnancies, certain medications, genetic factors and skin injuries. Pigmentation refers to discolouration on your face. One common abnormality that leads to darkening of the skin is excessive melanin production.” Melanin is a pigment that gives skin its colour, and when produced in excess due to factors like sun exposure or hormonal changes, it can result in dark spots on the face. Hyperpigmentation is an extension of this skin condition that further leads to darkening of the skin or forms of dark spots.  Dr Dinyar Workingboxwalla, skin guru, Beauty by BiE elucidates, “Hyperpigmentation is becoming more prevalent among urban individuals. The primary reasons behind this trend are the rise in environmental pollutants, heightened stress levels, and lifestyle factors typical of urban living.”  He goes on to state, “Exposure to pollution can lead to oxidative stress on the skin, which can contribute to hyperpigmentation. Moreover, urban dwellers often face high levels of stress due to fast-paced lifestyles, which can disrupt hormonal balance and exacerbate skin issues. Unhealthy habits like smoking, inadequate sleep, and poor diet further aggravate pigmentation problems. Additionally, urban individuals tend to spend more time outdoors, increasing their exposure to harmful UV rays without proper sun protection, leading to sun-induced hyperpigmentation. Overall, the combination of these factors makes hyperpigmentation increasingly common among urban populations.”  Other reasons for dark patches on the face Although hyperpigmentation is the most common cause of dark patches developing on the skin, there can be other conditions too behind this. These include:  1. Melasma: Also known as chloasma, melasma is a skin condition that appears on the chin, forehead, upper lip and cheeks. It is most commonly detected in pregnant women or people facing hormonal changes.  2. Age spots: Also known as sun spots, they are flat brown spots, typically found on those areas of the face or body that are overtly exposed to sunlight and lead to chronic sun damage. 3. Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor): This fungal infection causes patches on the skin to become lighter or darker than the surrounding area.  Other conditions such as acne or eczema can also trigger this response in the skin, causing dark spots that may take time to fade. Medical treatment for hyperpigmentation  Dermatological treatments for dark patches involve a combination of therapies to effectively manage and lighten the areas of discolouration.  Kapoor shares, “Medical treatment options for this condition typically include topical creams containing ingredients such as hydroquinone, retinoids, vitamin C and corticosteroids which help in regulating melanin production in the skin. Even, chemical peels or laser therapies may also be recommended by dermatologists to reduce the appearance of dark patches.”  Additionally, Workingboxwalla also lists microdermabrasion and light therapy as treatments for hyperpigmentation. “Microdermabrasion is a minimally abrasive technique that removes the top layer of skin to even skin tone. Light therapy is an intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy that can target pigment-producing cells and lighten dark patches.”  Home remedies for effective management of hyperpigmentation  “While hyperpigmentation can be addressed by in-office procedures, there's a treasure trove of home remedies at your disposal. Think of it as a natural first-aid kit for your skin. However, remember consistency is key,” says Workingboxwalla.  These remedies, as suggested by the skin guru, work best when incorporated into your daily routine: 1. Natural lighteners: Aloe vera gel, buttermilk, and yoghurt are all rich in lactic acid, which gently exfoliates and brightens. 2. Antioxidant power: Green tea boasts incredible anti-inflammatory and lightening properties. Soak a cotton pad and swipe it across affected areas. 3. Sun protection: This is non-negotiable. Daily sunscreen with SPF 30 or 35 is your best defence against worsening pigmentation. Be it medical treatments or home remedies, it takes time to see the desired results. Skin experts hail consistency and patience as key to treating any skin or cosmetic condition. Kapoor states, “ Factors such as skin type, the severity of discolouration, and the chosen treatment approach all play significant roles in determining the timeline for achieving clear skin. It's essential to understand that quick fixes are often temporary solutions that may not yield lasting results. Instead, adopting a holistic approach that combines skincare products with lifestyle changes like wearing sunscreen daily, maintaining a healthy diet, and managing stress levels can accelerate the fading process of dark patches.” Adding to this Workingboxwalla says, “It typically takes several weeks to a few months to fade dark patches on the skin, depending on various factors such as the cause of the pigmentation, skincare regimen, and individual skin response. Consistent use of targeted treatments, along with sun protection, can expedite the process. Always consult with a dermatologist for personalised advice.” Serious repercussions of ignoring the conditions  If left untreated or ignored, dark patches on the skin can potentially lead to serious consequences. Apart from being a cosmetic concern, these dark spots could indicate underlying health issues such as hormonal imbalances or skin disorders.  Kapoor says, “Ignoring these patches may increase pigmentation, making them more difficult to lighten over time. Some dark patches may be precancerous lesions that require immediate medical attention. By neglecting to address these spots promptly, individuals are putting themselves at risk of developing skin cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing further complications and ensuring optimal health.”  Seconding Kapoor, Workingboxwalla too says, “If left untreated or ignored, dark patches can lead to worsening hyperpigmentation, increased risk of skin cancer, and long-lasting damage to the skin's texture and tone. It's crucial to address dark patches promptly to prevent further complications and maintain healthy skin. Always prioritise your skin health and seek professional advice if needed.”  Homemade masks for hyperpigmentation  By Kapoor:  1. Turmeric and yoghurt mask:  To make this pack, mix a teaspoon of turmeric powder with two tablespoons of plain yogurt. Apply the thick paste to your face and leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off with warm water. Turmeric has natural skin-lightening properties, while yogurt helps in moisturising and soothing the skin and manages hyperpigmentation. 2. Oatmeal and honey scrub:  Make this scrub by mixing a tablespoon of ground oats with one tablespoon of honey. Massage it onto damp skin in circular motions for a few minutes before washing it off with lukewarm water. Oatmeal gently exfoliates the skin, removing dead cells that can contribute to hyper-pigmentation, while honey acts as a natural humectant that keeps the skin nourished. By Workingboxwalla:  1. Lemon and honey face pack: In a small bowl, mix a tablespoon of lemon juice and honey. Apply the mixture to the affected areas and leave it on for 10-15 minutes. Rinse off with lukewarm water. Lemon juice contains vitamin C which helps brighten the skin and fade dark spots. Honey has antibacterial properties and helps moisturise the skin, promoting healing and reducing inflammation. 2. Aloe vera and cucumber face pack: For making this face pack, use two tablespoons of aloe vera gel and a tablespoon of cucumber juice. Mix aloe vera gel and cucumber juice until well combined. Apply the mixture to the face and leave it on for 15-20 minutes. Rinse off with cool water. Aloe vera has soothing and healing properties that help reduce inflammation and promote skin regeneration, aiding in fading dark spots. Cucumber juice contains antioxidants and silica, which help lighten pigmentation and hydrate the skin, giving it a refreshed appearance. Besides these topical remedies, focus on other lifestyle factors such as diet and stress management as they too play a significant role in managing this condition.  Common mistakes to avoid Lastly, both Kapoor and Workingboxwalla suggest certain mistakes you must avoid making in the process of your skincare.   1. Over-exfoliating: Excessive exfoliation can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to irritation and dryness. Stick to exfoliating 2-3 times a week. Also, opt for gentle exfoliants.  2. Skipping sunscreen: Neglecting sunscreen can result in premature ageing, hyperpigmentation, and increased risk of skin cancer. Apply sunscreen daily, even on cloudy days. Look for sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and reapply throughout the day, especially if you're spending extended time outdoors.  3. Using harsh products: Harsh cleansers or skincare products can disrupt the skin's pH balance and cause irritation. Opt for gentle, pH-balanced formulas suitable for your skin type. Further, Using skincare products that are not suitable for your skin type can worsen existing concerns or cause new issues to arise. Take the time to understand your skin's specific needs – whether it's oily, dry, sensitive, or combination, and choose products formulated to address those concerns.  4. Picking blemishes: Picking blemishes can worsen inflammation, increase the risk of scarring, and spread bacteria. Resist the urge to pick and instead treat blemishes with targeted spot treatments. 5. Neglecting hydration: Dehydrated skin is more prone to fine lines, dullness, and irritation. Drink plenty of water and use a moisturiser to keep the skin hydrated and supple. You can maintain healthy, glowing skin by avoiding these common mistakes and adopting a consistent skincare routine tailored to your skin's needs. Consulting with a dermatologist can also help determine the best skincare routine tailored to your needs. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.

26 March,2024 09:39 AM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha Ahire
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8 early signs of kidney cancer and symptoms you cannot ignore

Kidney cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the kidneys. It typically develops in the lining of tiny tubes within the kidney called renal tubules. This form of cancer often goes unnoticed in its early stages, as symptoms may not manifest until later on when it has already spread to other parts of the body. Certain risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure can lead to kidney cancer. Genetics may also play a role in predisposing individuals to kidney cancer. It is the need of the hour to pay attention to the symptoms of kidney cancer and seek timely treatment. These are 8 signs and symptoms of kidney cancer 1. Hematuria: Kidney cancer is a serious condition that can often be difficult to detect in its early stages. One of the most common signs is blood in the urine, which can appear pink, red, or dark brown. 2. Persistent back pain or discomfort on one side of the body may indicate kidney cancer, especially if it does not go away with time. 3. Weight loss without any particular reason could also be a symptom of this disease and should be monitored closely. 4. Fatigue and a general feeling of weakness may accompany kidney cancer due to the body's increased energy demands as it tries to fight off the abnormal cells. 5. Having a constant fever can be a warning sign too. Another important sign to look out for is unexplained fever that persists despite treatment. 6. Swelling in the legs and ankles could also indicate kidney cancer as fluid retention is a common occurrence in the advanced stages of this disease. 7. Anemia (low red blood cell counts) can also indicate kidney cancer. 8. Lingering dull ache or pain in the side of the abdomen will suggest that one may have kidney cancer. It is essential to consult the doctor without any delay and get the diagnosis of the underlying symptoms as these symptoms can overlap with other health problems too.  Seek timely treatment once the diagnosis is confirmed. Your treating doctor will come up with an appropriate treatment plan for you. The treatment: Surgery is often the primary treatment option for localized cases of kidney cancer, but for those with metastatic disease, treatments such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy may be necessary. The key lies in early detection and prompt intervention to improve patient outcomes and enhance their quality of life amidst this battle against kidney cancer. The take-home message: By being proactive and seeking medical help at the first sign of troubling symptoms, kidney cancer patients give themselves the best chance for successful treatment outcomes.  Staying informed about potential red flags and taking them seriously can help patients feel empowered in their health journey. (Dr. Dattatraya Andure, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Onco Life Cancer Centre, Chiplun)

25 March,2024 06:06 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondent
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