Neo Classical (early 19th century)
Common landmarks
Town Hall (in pic), Mint, St Andrews Kirk
How to identify?
The emphasis of this style of architecture is on horizontality, symmetry, low rise structures with a central main triangular pediment resting on six or eight Doric (as seen in the Town Hall building) or Corinthian columns reminiscent of Greek architecture style (whose emphasis was the external fluted columns supporting the pediment).


Pic/Dhara Vora

Sometimes these buildings were on high plinth and had steps in front of the pediment. Roofs are shallow and not seen from outside as they are behind the parapet.

At the top roof/terrace level, a projecting cornice makes for another prominent feature. Normally, these buildings were plastered in chunam (a type of plaster).

Gothic Revival/Neo Gothic/Victorian Gothic (middle and late 19th century)
Common landmarks
Afghan Church (in pic), Mumbai University building, High Court, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
How to identify?
Mumbai has the finest Gothic Revival ensemble in the world in the area facing the maidans, starting from Elphinstone Technical School till the Secretariat. Unlike the Neo Classical style, the Gothic structures rely on verticality.


Pic/Sameer Markande

Pointed arches, slender walls with linear openings, which have stained glass windows and for structural support external buttress. A steep roof, and an interesting silhouette created with the help of towers, spires, turrets, bouquets, gargoyles (animal water spouts), perforated parapets are other common elements.

The verandah usually has a façade facing the west or south (to keep rain and sun out) and an arcade with stained glass or perforated screens. The flooring boasts of colourful geometric patterned Minton tiles, the cornices have local flora and fauna in them.