USADA CEO Travis Tygart said the IOC "chose not to stand up for clean athletes and against institutionalized doping." "Certainly, history will not judge that decision kindly," Tygart said at a hearing on doping in sports held by the US Helsinki Commission, a US agency that looks at human rights in Europe.

Also testifying before the commission was former Russian athlete Yuliya Stepanova, who fled to the United States with her husband Vitaly following their 2014 revelations of widespread doping in Russia. "The fight against corruption in Russian sports is not easy," Stepanova said. "From the beginning it was our hope to get more people to tell the truth. "We are now traitors to Russia," she said.