Researchers at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) have developed a new class of sustainable materials powered by bacterial spores. By embedding Bacillus subtilis spores into cellulose films, the team created engineered living materials (ELMs) that can survive harsh conditions and be reactivated on demand.

Led by Jeong-Joo Oh, Franka van der Linden, and Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam, the study showcases ELMs that could one day replace fossil-based materials like plastics and even contribute to self-healing infrastructure. The spores remain dormant for months and “wake up” only when needed, making the materials long-lasting.