Last week, Mumbai bore the brunt of serial bomb blasts yet again. For decades, citizens from around the world have experienced the carnage as well as the aftermath of terror attacks. We look at how post-trauma therapy has helped positively impact the lives of people and re-build city's spirit New York: In the line of fire Malachy P Corrigan's father was a firefighter for 38 years in New York's Queens area. Today, Malachy, is the director of the Counseling Service Unit of the New York City Fire Department. He transformed an alcoholism-focused treatment unit into a full-service clinic for New York's silent heroes. In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, Corrigan started Project Liberty programme that provides mental health services for firefighters affected by the tragedy. It has played a major role in bringing firefighters back to their feet -- psychologically, financially and socially. <img alt="" src="/imagedata/2011/jul/Firefighters.jpg" border="5" /> Northern Ireland: Long-term therapy While the Civil Rights protests began in the late 1960s, the conflict between England and Northern Ireland dates back to 400 AD. For decades, the region's population has been victim to constant attacks, protests and bombings that have impacted the population. The Northern Ireland Centre for Trauma and Transformation, provides cognitive therapy, a type of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying dysfunctional thinking, behaviour, and emotional responses, to people affected from the Northern Island conflict. A new study of 58 patients treated consecutively at the centre -- a few up to 33 years after the trauma -- had shown significant reductions in post traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms. Madrid: Power to the people The Madrid train bombings of 2004 alerted the population of this otherwise quiet Spanish capital, of the reality of terror attacks, and the potentially devastating aftermath. But well before those bombings, the Madrid municipal government had set up the SAMUR-Protecci n Civil Emergency services to keep the people safe in times of an emergency. At first, the service was focused on physical health. In 1999, however, authorities saw the need for special attention, and so a team of voluntary psychologists was put together within SAMUR. Created in 2003, the six-member team is on call 24 hours a day for any psychological emergencies. Post the train bombings, the group has developed procedures for diverse situations in which a psychologist might be required, including extreme anxiety reactions, overdose, communicating bad news, child abuse, sexual violence, multiple victim accidents and large-scale catastrophes SOS on call EMSA or Emergency Medical Services Authority is Oklahoma's largest provider of pre-hospital emergency medical care. The service, set up in 1977, was at the helm of the Oklahoma bombings that shook the region in 1995. EMSA provides ambulance services to more than 1.1 million residents in central and northeast Oklahoma. Each year, EMSA responds to more than 1,10,000 calls for help. EMSA transports more than 70,000 patients by ambulance each year.

Last week, Mumbai bore the brunt of serial bomb blasts yet again. For decades, citizens from around the world have experienced the carnage as well as the aftermath of terror attacks. We look at how post-trauma therapy has helped positively impact the lives of people and re-build city's spirit

Life after the smoke and the rubble

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Life after the smoke and the rubble

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