Most of us have grown up disliking bitter gourd, popular known as karela, but come monsoon season, Mumbai health experts say it is important to consume the vegetable we dislike so much for more than one reason. Jinal Patel, dietitian, Zynova Shalby Hospital, explains, "During the monsoon, it's essential to eat light, easily digestible vegetables. Try bitter gourd (karela) and bottle gourd (lauki) as they aid in digestion and immunity. Tinda (apple gourd), turai (ridge gourd), and parwal (pointed gourd) are water-rich and easy on the stomach. Always wash vegetables thoroughly and cook them well to avoid infections common during those rainy days." While it is difficult to include them in your every day meals, the health experts say there is more than one way to include it in common dishes. With the monsoon season underway, mid-day spoke to Patel and Suvarna Sawant, chief dietitian & HoD, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics at Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital about the benefits of eating gourd during the rainy season. They not only highlight the different gourds that are beneficial during the season, but also highlight the importance of eating gourds for health benefits. What are the different vegetables that people can eat during monsoon?Sawant: During the monsoon, we should prefer vegetables that are seasonally available and help in digestion. Among these, gourds—including bottle gourd, ridge gourd, snake gourd, ash gourd, and particularly bitter gourd—are commonly used across all regions. Gourds typically have high water content, low in calories, and easy to digest, making them suitable for a highly humid, monsoon season. What are the benefits of eating gourds during monsoonPatel: Gourds like bottle gourd, ridge gourd, and bitter gourd when cooked not to be consumed raw due to toxins are light, easy to digest, and help prevent digestive issues that are a common occurrence during the rainy season. They are rich in water and fiber, keep the body hydrated, and help regulate bowel movements. Their detoxifying properties support immunity and reduce the chances of infections. What are the benefits of bitter gourd?Patel: It has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and helps with blood purification. It is also packed with polyphenols and lowers the inflammation in the body. It promotes liver health, boosts immunity. It also contains Vitamin A, Vitamin C, zinc, and potassium, and can help to maintain stronger bones. Bitter gourd is rich in water content and keeps you hydrated. Sawant: Bitter gourd is rich source of vitamin C, folic acid, beta-carotene and contains vital minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron. Among all gourds, bitter gourd is the most efficient for immune support and antioxidant activity. While bottle gourd or ridge gourd are milder and more hydrating, bitter gourd offers targeted benefits, especially for blood sugar management and liver health. Is there any difference in the benefits as compared to other gourds?Patel: According to various studies, bitter gourd has many health benefits. It is especially known for regulating blood sugar levels, making it a good option for those with diabetes. While other gourds mainly aid digestion and hydration, bitter gourd also has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties because of the presence of antioxidants. However, eat it in the quantity recommended by the doctor only. Sawant: Bitter gourd can also pose risks if consumed excessively or without proper care. Eating it raw may lead to gastrointestinal issues, including cramps or diarrhea, and in rare cases, even hypoglycemia in individuals already on blood sugar medication. Pregnant women and people with glucose regulation issues should consult their dieticians before consuming bitter gourd. Ideally, consume it in moderate, cooked forms only. Lastly, what are the dishes that people can make with bitter gourd to make it interesting?Patel: Healthy dishes with bitter gourd include stuffed karela with onions, karela stir-fry with lentils, or bitter gourd chips baked or air-fried can be a good snack option. You can also make a light bitter gourd soup. Try to seek the help of an expert who will guide you on how to incorporate it into your daily diet. Sawant: To make bitter gourd more palatable during monsoons, it can be stir-fried with onions and jaggery to balance its bitterness, or stuffed with a spiced lentil filling and shallow fried. In some regions, thin slices of the bitter gourd are air-fried or baked till crisp and consumed as chips. For a healthier twist, bitter gourd juice blended with apple or cucumber can be a good detox drink.
12 June,2025 08:43 PM IST | Mumbai | Nascimento PintoA team of US scientists has discovered a specific group of brain cells that could explain why people with memory problems often overeat. The team showed that people who also keep forgetting about recent meals can trigger excessive hunger and can lead to disordered eating. Researchers from the University of Southern California showed that the group of brain cells can create memories of meals, encoding not just what food was eaten but when it was eaten. During eating, neurons in the ventral hippocampus region of the brain become active and form what the team of researchers call “meal engrams” -- specialised memory traces that store information about the experience of food consumption. While scientists have long studied engrams for their role in storing memories and other experiences in the brain, the new study, published in the journal Nature Communications, identified engrams dedicated to meal experiences. “Meal engrams function like sophisticated biological databases that store multiple types of information such as where you were eating, as well as the time that you ate,” said Scott Kanoski, Professor of biological sciences at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. Kanoski added that the findings could eventually inform new clinical approaches for treating obesity and weight management. Current weight management strategies often focus on restricting food intake or increasing exercise, but the new research suggests that enhancing meal memory formation could be equally important. The research team used advanced neuroscience techniques to observe the brain activity of laboratory rats as they ate, providing the first real-time view of how meal memories form. The meal memory neurons are distinct from brain cells involved in other types of memory formation. When researchers selectively destroyed these neurons, lab rats showed impaired memory for food locations but retained normal spatial memory for non-food-related tasks, indicating a specialized system dedicated to meal-related information processing. The study revealed that meal memory neurons communicate with the lateral hypothalamus, a brain region long known to control hunger and eating behaviour. When this hippocampus-hypothalamus connection was blocked, the lab rats overate and could not remember where meals were consumed. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
12 June,2025 01:12 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSSuffering from metabolic syndrome? A handful of almonds daily may help improve your health, according to a study. People with metabolic syndrome have at least three of the conditions like abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, low levels of "good" cholesterol, and high levels of triglycerides. Scientists at Oregon State University (OSU), US, showed that eating 2 ounces of almonds -- about 45 nuts -- daily led to signs of better cardiometabolic and gut health. The research, published in the journal Nutrition Research, is important because almost 40 per cent of the US adult population is estimated to have metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome has also recently been linked with cognitive dysfunction and dementia. "Evidence suggests that people with metabolic syndrome are three times as likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke and twice as likely to die from coronary heart disease compared to people without this condition," said Emily Ho, director of OSU’s Linus Pauling Institute. "Poor diet and inactivity contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome, and gut health and chronic inflammation may also play roles," Ho said. For the study, the team devised a 12-week clinical trial involving two groups of people aged 35-60 with metabolic syndrome. One group ate 320 calories worth of almonds every day. The other ate crackers with the same caloric value but without many of the healthy fats, protein, and micronutrients found in almonds. At four weeks and again at 12 weeks, blood samples from the almond snackers showed, as expected, a marked increase in vitamin E -- an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in almonds. In addition to vitamin E, almonds have polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, fibre, polyphenols, biotin, copper, potassium, and magnesium. The researchers also saw changes in other important health biomarkers among people in the almond group, including declines in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (often referred to as "bad" cholesterol), and waist circumference. Almond snacking also appeared to help limit gut inflammation, an indicator of gut health. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
11 June,2025 06:18 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSWith Covid-19 taking over our lives in the last five years, it has changed our perspective on life. While some have promised to live life to the fullest, others have become a little cautious about htheir health. While it is difficult for sick people and their families to find hope, there are others out there battling the odds to live life with the help of doctors in the city. As many people visit Mumbai to get treated for their diseases, these inspiring stories of resilience are not only inspiring but also about the commendable medical expertise in India. 42-year-old man gets second chance at life after rare interstate intestine transplantEarlier this week, doctors at Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital gave a new lease of life to a 42-year-old man from rural Maharashtra by successfully performing a rare small intestine transplant. The organ, retrieved from a cadaveric donor in Delhi, travelled over 1,400 kilometers to Mumbai in just four-and-a-half hours. The family of the 21-year-old female donor, who was pronounced brain dead at a private hospital in Delhi after a road traffic accident, consented to donate her organs. Two years ago, Mr Siddheshwar Dake from Beed in Maharashtra began experiencing persistent abdominal pain and severe cramps. Despite consulting several hospitals across the Marathwada region, he received an inconclusive diagnosis ranging from ulcers to cancer. His condition continued to deteriorate. Earlier this year, he was admitted to a private hospital in Sambhajinagar, where his family learned about the specialised Liver, Intestine, and Pancreas OPD run by Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital in the city. They consulted Dr. Gaurav Chaubal, Director – HPB Surgery & Liver and Multi-Organ Transplant, at Nanavati Max Hospital, Mumbai. Explaining the case, Dr Gaurav Chaubal, director - HPB Surgery & Liver and Multi-Organ Transplant, Nanavati Max Hospital, Mumbai, said, “A CT scan revealed that the patient’s small intestine had lost its blood supply and turned gangrenous. Subsequent investigations diagnosed the patient with Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) thrombosis caused by a hypercoagulable state—an increased tendency for blood clots to form. Immediate intervention was required to prevent a life-threatening situation. We performed an emergency surgery to remove the affected segment. In such cases, a small intestine transplant is the only curative solution.” With no suitable living donor in the family, Dake was placed on the national cadaveric transplant waiting list. One month later, the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) notified the hospital of a potential donor in Delhi. Dr Aditya J. Nanavati, associate director – HPB Surgery, Liver & Multi-Organ Transplant, Nanavati Max Hospital, Mumbai, explained, “Upon receiving the alert from NOTTO, the organ retrieval team flew to Delhi with all necessary equipment. The retrieval procedure was conducted promptly upon arrival. Our network hospitals, Max Hospital Shalimar Bagh and BLK-Max Hospital supported us in managing logistics, including ambulance services, police clearances, and expedited tissue cross-matching. The precision process was a result of coordinated teamwork.” After completing the retrieval and necessary protocols, the team transported the intestine to Mumbai via a specially arranged green corridor. The organ reached Nanavati Max Hospital within 10 minutes of landing. The transplant was completed successfully within eight hours, well within the organ’s viability window. Mr. Dake was discharged within three weeks in a stable condition and is recovering well. Adding, Dr. Vivek Talaulikar, chief operating officer (Western Region), Max Healthcare said, “This rare interstate transplant demonstrates the crucial role of precise coordination in organ transplantation. Each step—from aviation logistics and ground transport to immunological testing—was meticulously planned by the team of Nanavati Max Hospital and the network hospitals of Max Healthcare." Small intestine transplants are among the rarest forms of solid organ transplantation in India. Intestinal transplants are performed only in highly specialised centers due to the complexity of the procedure and the challenges of post-operative care. Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, due to its vast experience and clinical expertise, has emerged as one of the busiest referral centres for Intestine Transplantation for patients from particularly South-East Asia and also the rest of the world. Mumbai hospital saves 30-week premature baby with major congenital anomalyJaslok Hospital and Research Centre in Mumbai, in a rare and complex case involving surgical and intensive care management, successfully treated a 30-week-old premature infant born with low birth weight (1.3 kg) and a Type C Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula (TEF). This congenital condition causes an abnormal connection between the windpipe and the food pipe, leading to excessive salivation and a high risk of choking and lung infection. The medical team at Jaslok Hospital performed a single-stage corrective surgery followed by oesophageal dilatation, marking a first-of-its-kind achievement in such a delicate case. Thanks to the coordinated efforts of the multidisciplinary team, the baby is now stable, is exclusively breastfed, weighs 1.8 kg, and is ready to be discharged. Born in Vapi in Gujarat, the infant faced life-threatening complications due to the condition, and the parents contacted Dr Fazal Nabi, Director Paediatrics at Jaslok Hospital for higher treatment options. Considering the complexity of the case Dr Fazal Nabi himself travelled to Vapi to fetch the baby to ensure the safety during the transport and the baby was brought to Jaslok Hospital under his expert monitoring with artificial ventilation. Baby was immediately admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), where Dr. Fazal Nabi took charge of his treatment. On arrival, the baby was placed on ventilator support, given haemodynamic stabilization with inotropes, and started on intensive sepsis management. Later, pediatric surgeon Dr. Nargish Barsivala, paediatric Surgeon at Jaslok Hospital was consulted who advised the most appropriate approach will be a one-stage surgery once the baby is stable. On the 3rd day, Dr Barsivala performed a one-stage corrective surgery, involving ligation of the fistula and end-to-end oesophageal anastomosis, after which the baby was moved to the intensive care unit. In the period following the surgery, the team faced another problem of intestinal movement. Because of prematurity and low birth weight the intestines were not moving properly. Baby was on (NG) Nasogatric tube feeding along with partial TPN. The baby had problems of swallowing also. Nasogastric Tube Feeding was given for about a month and then a decision was taken for performing Feeding Gastrostomy and the NG tube was removed. However, even after a month, the baby continued to have difficulty swallowing. To address this challenge, a gastrostomy procedure was performed. The team opted for a high-risk oesophageal dilatation procedure using the smallest available dilator. Dr. Pankaj Dhawan, Consultant Gastroenterology at Jaslok Hospital carried out this delicate procedure, with crucial support from the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, led by Dr. Fazal Nabi along with Dr Barsivala and Anaesthesia team. Gradually, the baby began swallowing on his own, leading to the removal of the NG tube. Dr Fazal Nabi, director – Paediatrics, at the hospital said, “When the baby was brought in, he was struggling — tiny, fragile, and in urgent need of care. From stabilising him on arrival to managing post-surgical complications, every step had to be timed and tailored. The oesophageal dilatation was particularly challenging, but the team worked in perfect sync. Watching him now, feeding on his own and ready to go home, is a reminder of why we do what we do. It was a team effort from start to finish, and I am grateful for the critical support” Dr Nargish Barsivala, consultant – paediatric surgery at the hospital, said, “Operating on a premature baby weighing just over a kilo is never easy. The tissues are extremely delicate, and the margin for error is almost zero. But given the nature of the condition, waiting wasn’t an option. We decided to go ahead with a single-stage repair, knowing the risks but also the long-term benefits. The successful outcome was made possible by the precise surgical expertise, expert anaesthesia support by Dr Rajani Prajish and assisting help from Dr Kotawala and the surgical residents. Expressing gratitude, Trupti, who is the mother of the baby said, "My baby is a precious baby born after 8 years of marriage with IVF support. When my baby was born so early and so fragile, I feared the worst. However, the care and dedication shown by the doctors and staff at Jaslok Hospital gave me hope. I truly believe that without their expertise and compassion, my child would not be here today.” The hospital's Chief Medical Officer Dr Milind Khadke, mentioned “It is the clinical excellence and cutting-edge technology behind saving a 30-week premature baby with Tracheo-oesophageal fistula—a rare, life-threatening condition. Despite low birth-weight and under 50% survival odds, the landmark surgery showcases the hospital’s advanced neonatal care and surgical expertise, achieving a remarkable medical breakthrough.” The family is now receiving comprehensive guidance on caring for the premature infant at home, including safe feeding practices, medication schedules, and vital warning signs to watch for.
11 June,2025 04:23 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentResearchers have identified genetic factors that trigger symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and anxiety. The international study led by King’s College London, UK, examined how individuals’ varying sensitivity to environmental factors can influence levels of ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, anxiety and depression symptoms, psychotic experiences and neuroticism. Researchers from 23 universities around the world combined data from up to 21,792 identical twins (10,896 pairs) from 11 studies to discover genetic variants linked with environmental sensitivity. This is the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of identical twins to date. They identified several genetic factors that were linked with differences in environmental sensitivity within identical twin pairs. The interaction between these genetic factors and environmental exposures could explain differences in susceptibility to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions, said the researchers in the paper, published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour. “Differences in individuals’ sensitivity to life experiences can explain why the same negative or positive experiences may have varying effects on people’s mental health, depending on their genetic makeup. Our findings suggest that specific genetic variants influence how environmental exposures impact psychiatric and neurodevelopmental symptoms,” said Dr Elham Assary, Postdoctoral Researcher at King’s. Among the genetically identical twins, the researchers found that genes linked with growth factors -- biological molecules that play important roles in neurodevelopment, immune function, and the central nervous system -- were associated with variation in autistic traits. Genes related to reactivity to stress were linked to variation in depression symptoms. Genes involved in regulating catecholamines -- a group of hormones involved in response to stress -- were linked to variation in psychotic-like experiences, the team said. “These findings confirm that genes influence psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits partly through affecting how people respond to the world around them. Some people are more sensitive to their circumstances, and this can be positive in good circumstances but can make life more challenging than for others in stressful circumstances,” said Professor Thalia Eley, Professor of Developmental Behavioural Genetics at King’s. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
11 June,2025 03:16 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSBacteria in the mouth and gut may play a significant role in the progression of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease, according to a study. Specific changes in the gut microbiome have been associated with the shift from mild memory issues to dementia, a common and distressing symptom of the disease. While Parkinson's is currently very difficult to diagnose in its early stages, these changes in the microbiome could potentially act as early warning signs of Parkinson's, said the researchers from King's College London. It may help doctors detect and treat the disease before symptoms become severe. "The human gut and oral bacterial communities are increasingly linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in the gut-brain axis could trigger inflammation and immune responses that contribute to neuronal damage,” said Dr. Saeed Shoaie, group leader of the Quantitative Systems Biology (QTS) Lab at King's College London, UK. In the study, published in the journal Gut Microbes, researchers analysed gut and mouth bacteria collected from 228 samples of stool and saliva. This included two groups of patients with Parkinson's -- those with mild cognitive decline and those with dementia -- showing different stages of the disease. These were compared with a healthy control group with no Parkinson's diagnosis. The results showed clear differences in the types and functions of bacteria between the groups. In people with cognitive impairment, the gut contains more harmful bacteria, many of which likely come from the mouth. This process, known as "oral-gut translocation," involves oral bacteria moving into the gut, where they don't normally belong. These bacteria were found to release specific molecules known as virulence factors, toxins that can damage gut tissue, promote inflammation, and possibly affect the brain. "We don't yet know if the bacteria are causing the cognitive decline or if changes in the body due to Parkinson's allow these bacteria to grow. But our findings suggest they may play an active role in worsening symptoms," said Dr. Frederick Clasen, research associate at King's. Using artificial intelligence (AI), the team linked these toxins specifically to cognitive decline in Parkinson's. These tools helped pinpoint bacterial species and functions that weren't obvious by traditional analysis alone. "These toxins could be used as biological markers to identify patients at higher risk of dementia in Parkinson's. In the future, they might also be targets for new treatments that protect the brain by changing the gut environment," Dr. Clasen explained. The findings also highlight the importance of oral hygiene and nutrition in people with Parkinson's, especially as the disease progresses. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
10 June,2025 08:04 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSIndia's population is estimated to reach 1.46 billion in 2025, continuing to be the highest in the world, according to a new UN demographic report, which also revealed the country's total fertility rate has fallen below the replacement rate. UNFPA's 2025 State of World Population (SOWP) Report, The Real Fertility Crisis, calls for a shift from panic over falling fertility to addressing unmet reproductive goals. Millions of people are not able to realise their real fertility goals, it asserts. This is the real crisis, not underpopulation or overpopulation, and the answer lies in greater reproductive agency - a person's ability to make free and informed 150 per cent choices about sex, contraception and starting a family, it says. The report also reveals key shifts in population composition, fertility, and life expectancy, signalling a major demographic transition. The report found that India's total fertility rate has declined to 1.9 births per woman, falling below the replacement level of 2.1. This means that, on average, Indian women are having fewer children than needed to maintain the population size from one generation to the next, without migration. Despite the slowing birth rate, India's youth population remains significant, with 24 per cent in the age bracket of 0-14, 17 per cent in 10-19, and 26 per cent in 10-24. The country's 68 per cent of the population is of working age (15-64), providing a potential demographic dividend, if matched by adequate employment and policy support. The elderly population (65 and older) currently stands at seven per cent, a figure that is expected to rise in the coming decades as life expectancy improves. As of 2025, life expectancy at birth is projected to be 71 years for men and 74 years for women. According to the UN estimates, India's population at present stands at 1,463.9 million. India is now the world's most populous nation, with nearly 1.5 billion people — a number expected to grow to about 1.7 billion before it begins to fall, around 40 years from now, the report said. Behind these numbers are the stories of millions of couples who decided to start or expand their families, as well as the stories of women who had few choices about whether, when or how often they became pregnant, the report said. In 1960, when India's population was about 436 million, the average woman had nearly six children. Back then, women had less control over their bodies and lives than they do today. Fewer than 1 in 4 used some form of contraception, and fewer than 1 in 2 attended primary school (World Bank Data, 2020), the report said. But in the coming decades, educational attainment increased, access to reproductive healthcare improved, and more women gained a voice in the decisions that affected their lives. The average woman in India now has about two children. While women in India, and every other country, have more rights and choices today than their mothers or grandmothers did, they still have a long way to go before they are empowered to have the number of children they want, if any, when they want them. The UN report placed India in a group of middle-income countries undergoing rapid demographic change, with population doubling time now estimated at 79 years. "India has made significant progress in lowering fertility rates — from nearly five children per woman in 1970 to about two today, thanks to improved education and access to reproductive healthcare," said Andrea M Wojnar, UNFPA India Representative. "This has led to major reductions in maternal mortality, meaning million more mothers are alive today, raising children and building communities. Yet, deep inequalities persist across states, castes, and income groups. "The real demographic dividend comes when everyone has the freedom and means to make informed reproductive choices. India has a unique opportunity to show how reproductive rights and economic prosperity can advance together," she said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
10 June,2025 04:24 PM IST | Mumbai | PTIAs Mumbai's schools begin classes, children and parents are going to get busy with their academics. While it won't take long for that to pick up pace in the coming months, the monsoon season looms large and so does the many sicknesses that come with it. With monsoon and sickness going hand-in-hand, people often get sick. While adults can manage by themselves, children more often than not get affected because of lower immunity. Couple that with them enduring a busy schedule that not only involves going to school and studying, but also indulging in physical activities like playing sports, nutrition plays an important role in their lives. At such times, Mumbai's health experts say the need for parents to take care of their child's health is of the utmost importance. The easiest way to do that is by making sure they eat the right kind of food. Keeping this in mind, mid-day spoke to Dr G. M. Shanbhag, consultant pediatric - critical care, KIMS Hospitals in Thane, and Suvarna Sawant, chief Dietitian and HoD, clinical nutrition and dietetics, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital in Vile Parle West to dissect the need to pay attention to children's nutrition during the monsoon. They not only highlight why it is important but also help suggest meal plans that would help them keep sickness at bay. What are the common monsoon sicknesses that affect children? Shanbhag: Viral infections (the common cold and flu), mosquito-borne illnesses (dengue, malaria, chikungunya), leptospirosis (from urine of infected animals), and infections from contaminated water and food (gastroenteritis, jaundice, typhoid, cholera) are the most common infections. In addition, fungal infections of the skin are significantly more common due to the damp conditions. As the surroundings are humid, moulds get a foothold and can trigger asthma-like symptoms. Such symptoms may also arise from increased pollen. Sawant: During the monsoon, children become more vulnerable to a variety of infections due to climatic changes in their nutritional intake. The most common illnesses seen in this season include gastrointestinal infections like diarrhoea and typhoid, viral fevers, cold and flu, dengue, and skin anomalies. Since children are very active during this time, how can their immunity be affected with sicknesses? Shanbhag: Children's immune systems are still developing and they are more vulnerable in a general sense. Add to it, monsoons come with higher humidity levels, and higher exposure to moulds and other allergens. This paves the way for respiratory tract infections. Sawant: Children have higher metabolic rates and growth demands. They require a sustainable intake of macro and micronutrients to maintain immunity and ward off the infections. But as we have observed, most children, especially those aged 5–12, do not have a steady intake of crucial micronutrients like iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, and C. These nutrients are extremely crucial in maintaining a healthy immune function. Children with such nutrient gaps are more prone to seasonal infections, affecting their health, energy and educational progress. Once affected by infections, there is an associated disturbance in children's fragile immunity, and that can delay the recovery, prolonging the illnesses. What are the foods that children can eat to keep the sicknesses at bay, and beat the sickness respectively? Shanbhag: A balanced diet and adequate water intake are the key to avoiding monsoon-related sicknesses. The food should be freshly and hygienically prepared, and the water should be filtered and preferably boiled. Plenty of vegetables (appropriately washed and cooked) and fruits (adequately washed and peeled) provide good immunity in these monsoon times. If there is a sickness affecting the child, these same measures, in addition to prompt medical attention, provide for a faster cure. Sawant: To help children build a healthy immunity, parents should include a wide range of nutrient-rich foods, especially during the monsoon. Fresh seasonal vegetables like bottle gourd (lauki), ridge gourd (turai), pumpkin, and ash gourd are excellent—they’re hydrating, low in fat and high in vitamins A and C. Adding fruits like guava, papaya, and amla boosts vitamin C intake naturally, which helps fight off common infections. Fermented foods like curd provide beneficial probiotics that improve gut immunity—especially helpful when the risk of diarrhoea is high. How can parents make the school breakfast or lunch interesting with seasonal ingredients? Share meal ideas Shanbhag: Seasonal fruits such as mangoes, plums, cherries, and pomegranate seeds can be eaten as usual, as they have appealing colours and tastes, and children enjoy the sweet and sour flavours, as they come from these. These fruits can be incorporated in sweets such as kheer, or in curds or lassi. Partially ripe mangoes can be cooked in curries and taste delicious. Vegetables such as beans, carrots, and peas can be incorporated into soups and khichdi. Lady fingers (bhindi), beans, and carrots can be stir-fried. Beetroots, carrots, and peas can be added to parathas and upma. These make breakfast or lunch colourful. Cutting foods in shapes such as cubes, crescents and smileys of fruits or salads also makes the food attractive. Children can't resist them during their school breaks. Simply decorating a plate with a variety of coloured foods, such as beans, carrots, cucumbers, papaya, pomegranate seeds, and cherries, gives a vibrant look and encourages children. This can be their fruit and salad party. These foods provide lots of vitamins, minerals and plenty of water, which boost immunity. Sawant: Try to give them a well-rounded tiffin, which can be both exciting and nourishing. Vegetable poha with grated carrots and coriander, or a stuffed thepla with bottle gourd and paneer paired with a seasonal fruit can be great options. Millet-based idlis with coconut chutney or a bowl of moong dal khichdi with spinach can also be nutrient rich and filling. Using mildly spiced, home-cooked chutneys made from tamarind or mint can make the food both delicious and help with digestion. Finally, what foods should children avoid during the monsoon season? Shanbhag: Children should avoid eating outdoors, as the food is likely contaminated. Even at home, avoid eating raw vegetables and fruits without peeling. Washing vegetables and fruits before consumption is a must. Children should not drink water from unknown sources. Drinking water should be filtered and preferably boiled. Avoid eating junk and packaged foods, as they weaken immunity. Sawant: During monsoons, avoid giving raw leafy greens as they are difficult to clean thoroughly. Uncovered street food, and fried snacks high in oil content. Soft drinks with too much sugar, and packaged foods with artificial additives should be completely avoided. On the other hand, fill the tiffin with colourful, home-cooked foods that combine seasonal produce, whole grains, pulses, and good fats. It will not only build their immunity and look attractive but give them a steady flow of energy and help their attention span in school. Some schools, which provide breakfast and lunch to their students, should incorporate specific guidelines for their kitchens, after consulting trained nutritionists. Nutrition isn’t just about eating more—it’s about eating right for the season.
09 June,2025 07:55 PM IST | Mumbai | Nascimento PintoMood disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, or mania after the age of 40 may not be just mental health conditions but can precede motor or cognitive symptoms in various neurodegenerative diseases, according to a study on Monday. Growing evidence suggests these late-life mood disorders (LLMDs) could be early warning signs of neurodegenerative diseases like dementia, even when they appear years before memory loss or other cognitive symptoms become apparent, said researchers from the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Japan. The study, published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association explored the presence of abnormal tau protein -- a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases -- in the brains of 52 participants with LLMDs and 47 healthy controls. The researchers used advanced brain imaging techniques to examine 52 participants with LLMDs and 47 healthy controls. They employed a positron emission tomography (PET) scan using two different tracers, which can detect various forms of tau protein and amyloid beta accumulation and analysed brain tissue samples from 208 autopsy cases to examine the relationship between late-life mood symptoms and the subsequent development of neurodegenerative diseases. They found that about 50 per cent of participants with LLMDs showed tau accumulation in their brains, compared to only about 15 per cent of healthy controls. Similarly, nearly 29 per cent of participants with LLMDs had detectable amyloid deposits versus just 2 per cent of controls. The autopsy findings further supported these results, showing a significantly higher prevalence of diverse tau protein-related pathologies in individuals who had experienced late-life mania or depression. “Because most of the participants with LLMDs in our study had no or mild cognitive decline, these results support the evidence that neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimer’s tau-related pathologies, can initially manifest as psychiatric symptoms,” said Dr. Shin Kurose from QST. Further, many participants also had tau accumulation in the frontal regions of the brain -- crucial for emotional regulation and cognitive function. The study revealed that these abnormal proteins could be detected years before traditional cognitive symptoms of dementia appeared. As revealed by the autopsy cases, mood symptoms preceded cognitive or motor symptoms by an average of 7.3 years. Timely identification of late-life depression and bipolar disorder would allow for earlier intervention with disease-modifying treatments, the team said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
09 June,2025 06:05 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSThe food that one consumes daily impacts several areas of health and wellness directly or indirectly, and reproductive health is no different. While awareness about the relationship between nutrition and fertility is gradually growing, a lesser-known link is the negative impact of vitamin deficiencies on the Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), say experts. In women, this hormone reflects the ovarian reserve and fertility potential. If certain vitamins are lacking in the body, AMH levels may drop, impacting reproductive planning and success with fertility treatments. According to experts, deficiencies in nutrients such as Vitamin D, B12, and folic acid have been found to influence hormonal balance, egg quality, and overall reproductive function. Dr Bushra Khan, who is a fertility specialist at Nova IVF Fertility in Kharadi, Pune, shares, “When essential vitamins like Vitamin D or B12 are deficient, it can affect the body’s ability to produce optimal levels of AMH, which is critical for understanding a woman’s fertility potential. However, this can be improved through timely nutritional correction.” What causes vitamin deficiencies? Before taking correctional measures, it is important to know the causes behind vitamin deficiencies and the signs that may help one identify the issue. “Vitamin deficiency is common among women aged 25-30, especially those with irregular eating habits, strict diets, or high levels of stress. It can also result from digestive issues that affect absorption, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders. Symptoms can be fatigue, hair thinning, pale skin, low immunity, and menstrual irregularities,” informs Dr Khan. If left unchecked, this nutritional deficiency may cause hormonal imbalances, impaired fertility, and poor outcomes in pregnancy or fertility treatments. Managing vitamin deficiencies Regular blood tests, a balanced diet, and supplementation (if recommended by an expert) are key to addressing this issue. Recommending measures to maintain optimal vitamin levels in the body, Dr Preethika Shetty, who is the consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospitals in Kharadi, says, “To be able to support the fertility hormone, women should have a diet loaded with green leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, and dairy, get regular sunlight for at least 20 minutes in the morning for maintaining appropriate vitamin D levels, exercise and de-stress by doing yoga and meditation, opt for blood and hormone tests to track your levels.” By addressing these deficiencies early, women can potentially improve AMH levels. It is recommended to consult a fertility specialist for timely evaluations and management of potential issues that arise with vitamin deficiencies. Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Kindly consult a medical expert for personalised guidance.
09 June,2025 02:24 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentMigraines and chronic headaches aren’t just “in your head” — they’re real, debilitating, and often profoundly misunderstood. While stress and excessive screen time are commonly blamed, millions suffer due to a wide range of underlying reasons. However, with a bit of self-awareness, consistent lifestyle habits, and medical support, they can be managed. Every year, Migraine and Headache Awareness Month is observed in June. While there are many misconceptions about it, let’s shift the conversation from stigma to strategy. Medical dissect migraines to help you identify the type of your headache and aid better management with evidence-based lifestyle modifications. Decoding your headache could be the first step to reclaiming your peace of mind — and your life. Common triggers for headachesAlong with stress and screen time, there are several other factors responsible for headaches. Dr. Pradyumna J. Oak, director of neurology at Centre for Neurosciences, Nanavati Max Hospital, Mumbai outlines commonly recognised triggers for different types of headaches, including migraines: 1. Poor postureThis is common particularly in the case of desk jobs that require one to maintain your head in a forward position for extended periods or straining neck muscles can lead to tension-type headaches. 2. Blue light from devicesSome studies also indicate that blue light emitted from digital devices can disturb the sleep by reducing melatonin levels—our natural sleep hormone. These disrupted sleep patterns have been linked to migraines and tension headaches. 3. Flashing lightsFor some individuals, extreme visuals may act as triggers. Bright or flashing lights, high contrast patterns, have the potential to overstimulate certain areas of the brain in those prone to migraines. 4. Extended use of screens in proximityActivities that involve prolonged focusing at a close distance, such as detailed reading or extended computer tasks or even overuse of smart phones can cause strain on the eyes, resulting in headaches and eye discomfort.Differentiating between tension headaches, migraines, and other types The most important way of managing headaches is to recognise its type. Tension headaches typically involve a steady, dull pain on both sides of the head, often described as a feeling of pressure or tightness, similar to something wrapped tightly around your forehead. These usually are not triggered by nausea or sensitivity to light or sound. Migraines are usually more intense, causing throbbing or pulsating pain. These are often concentrated on one side of the head. Migraine sufferers often experience nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to lights and noises, and their symptoms often worsen with physical activity. Cervicogenic headaches originate from neck problems. Located to one side and worsening with specific neck movements or postures, they're often accompanied by neck stiffness or limited neck motion. Tracking your headache for diagnosis and managementMany people who experience frequent headaches often try to pinpoint their triggers. This can involve avoiding certain foods, minimising exposure to bright or flickering lights, or even adjusting their posture while working. “If you happen to have multiple episodes of headaches, try to maintain a diary, specifying date, time and duration of the episode. This can help the doctor come to an accurate diagnosis and recommend effective treatments,” recommends Oak. He also suggests keeping a track of the specifics such as where it occurs on your head, the kind of sensation—whether throbbing, sharp, or a dull pressure—and its severity. It's also important to learn strategies for managing stress levels and coping with changes in routine. “Pay close attention to additional symptoms such as nausea, heightened sensitivity to light or sound, or any visual disturbances. Furthermore, diligently record the treatment method you used for each headache episode and its efficacy; this detailed information will significantly assist your neurologist in pinpointing the most effective course of action for your condition,” he concludes. Evidence-based strategies for headache prevention beyond screen time and stress managementManaging headaches and migraines usually requires a multifaceted approach, integrating significant lifestyle adjustments alongside professional medical consultation. In addition to managing stress and minimising time spent in front of the screen, Dr Aditya Kulkarni, consultant of neurology at Manipal Hospital, Sarjapur Road shares evidence-based strategies that can reduce head pain frequency and intensity:1. Maintain adequate hydration: Dehydration is a known precipitant for migraines, especially in the warmer seasons. Drinking water all day is very important to warding off headache from dehydration.2. Establish consistent routines: Disruptions to the body’s internal rhythm—due to haphazard sleep schedules, missed meals, and erratic daily routines—may trigger headaches. Keeping a routine of regular sleep and consistent daily habits can help maintain synchronisation of biological rhythms, minimising those triggers.3. Identify and avoid dietary triggers: There are certain foods that can contribute to migraines, such as aged cheese, processed meats, caffeine, alcohol and artificial sweeteners for some individuals. Keeping a food journal may identify specific dietary culprits.4. Limit exposure to heat and sunlight: Over-exposure to heat and sun is one of the most common environmental triggers. Taking proper sun protection and staying indoors during the peak heat of the day can be preventive.5. Engage in regular physical activity: Moderate and consistent exercising — such as walking, stretching or yoga — can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. However, strenuous activity at the time of, or near a migraine onset should be avoided.6. Review medication with a healthcare provider: People who have frequent or severe migraines may benefit from preventive medications. These are either beta-blockers, antiepileptics, or one of the newer anti-migraine specific drugs. Patients should consult with a physician regarding any change in therapy. When should you see a doctor?While most headaches are self-limited and benign, some can be warning signals of more serious disorders. Kulkarni recommends consulting a medical professional if you experience any of the following warning signs:1. A sudden, severe headache that reaches peak intensity within seconds to minutes, often described as a ‘thunderclap’ headache.2. New-onset headache in individuals over the age of 50, or a noticeable change in headache pattern.3. Headache with associated neurologic symptoms, eg., confusion, vision loss, weakness, numbness, or problems with speech.4. Headache not improving with over-the-counter medications.5. Headaches that occur with fever, stiff neck, rash, or in association with recent trauma to the head.6. Headaches that frequently awaken from sleep or cause disability even the day after. “In these instances, it is important to obtain immediate medical care to rule out more serious health issues including bleeding into the brain, infection or neurologic disease,” he cautions.
09 June,2025 01:53 PM IST | Mumbai | Maitrai AgarwalADVERTISEMENT
