Abused women likelier to indulge in risky sexual behaviour

Certain patterns of violence in both childhood and adulthood may make a woman more likely to take significant sexual risks such as having unprotected sex or a high number of sexual partners said researchers from The Miriam Hospitalrsquos Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine The findings offer new insight on the known link between exposure to violence and HIVSTD risk behaviour particularly among lowincome urban women who may experience high rates of violence ldquoSadly our results show that many women must cope with multiple forms of violence and that some combinations of violent experiences put women at risk for HIV other STDs or unplanned pregnancy ndash not to mention the risks from the violence itselfrdquo said lead author Jennifer Walsh PhD of The Miriam Hospitalrsquos Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine Although previous research has linked sexual risk behaviour and diverse forms of violence ndash including childhood maltreatment and sexual abuse intimate partner violence and exposure to community violence ndash very few studies have considered patterns of violence and their impact on sexual risktaking even though some women experience multiple types of violence The current study included 481 women attending an urban STD clinic who were assessed for previous history of violence and current sexual risktaking behaviours The women were primarily African American and most were socioeconomically disadvantaged Overall women reported high rates of exposure to violence compared to the general population All types of violence were interrelated with women who experienced one type of violence being more likely to experience other forms as well Using a statistical technique known as latent class analysis to find common patterns in the data researchers identified four classes of women with different experiences of violence women with low exposure to violence 39 percent women who were predominantly exposed to community violence 20 percent women who were predominantly exposed to childhood maltreatment 23 percent and women who experienced multiple forms of violence 18 percent The team found women who reported experiencing multiple forms of violence and those who were exposed to community violence had the highest levels of sexual risk behaviour including lifetime number of sexual partners and alcohol and drug use before sex Walsh believes the study has several clinical implications ldquoGiven the ties between multiple violent experiences and sexual risktaking clinicians working with women who experience violence or who are at risk for HIVSTDs may need to consider the overlap between the two in order to impact sexual health consequencesrdquo she said ldquoThe clustering of different types of violence suggests clinicians who work with women who have experienced one type of violence should inquire about other types of violence in order to get a complete picturerdquo she added With the understanding that multiple violence experiences are common for women with the highest sexual risk Walsh also suggests interventionists working to reduce HIV risk may want to provide women with resources for coping with intimate partner and community violence or for overcoming childhood maltreatment or abuse Similarly those working with women experiencing intimate partner violence or other forms of violence may want to address strategies for safer sex ldquoThese findings also highlight how social and community context influence individuals in complex ways how social and health problems often cluster and the need to broaden risk reduction programs to include couples as well as focusing on individualsrdquo noted Michael Carey PhD director of The Miriam Hospitalrsquos Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine and a coinvestigator on the study Either way the researchers said further research is needed to better understand how and why violent experiences are associated with sexual risk behaviour in order to develop more effective interventions The results were reported in the Psychology of Violence