Namami Gange struggles with underutilized funds and E-Flow. Discover how Nagpur's wastewater model can offer a sustainable solution to revitalize the program.
Revitalizing the Ganga: Addressing Funding Gaps & E-Flow
Launched in 2014, the Namami Gange programme set out to revitalize the Ganga through sewage treatment, biodiversity conservation, and public awareness drives. Over the years, 492 projects worth nearly ₹40,000 crore have been sanctioned.
As of 2025, 136 out of 212 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) with a combined capacity of 3,780 MLD have been completed and are operational. Additionally, 37 drains have been fully tapped and treated, ensuring the cleanliness of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. The Think Tank, however, indicated only 69% fund usage which is an indication of underutilization. Further, a gap between initiation and execution has been noticed with only 52% of the planned sewage treatment capacities reached.
A vital aspect of the Ganga's well-being is Environmental Flow (E-Flow), defined as the minimum flow required for the preservation of the river's ecological character. Present policies dictate an E-Flow of 20-30%, which has been criticized by scientists as well as environmentalists. At times like the Ardh Kumbh and the Maha Kumbh 2025, the authorities used to release extra water as a one-week holiday exhibit of cleanliness, but the water quality monitoring revealed faecal coliform counts up to a high of 49,000 MPN/100 ml, well over the safe limit of 2,500. These incidents highlight the dire need for the regular management of the E-Flow as well as the provision for more effective measures for wastewater treatment.
The project has the potential to draw inspiration from Nagpur's innovative approach to wastewater management. The city effectively treats 330 million litres of sewage on a daily basis, generating approximately Rs. 300 crores annually through the reuse of treated water in power plants and various industries. This model not only reduces river pollution but also contributes to the conservation of freshwater resources and revenue generation, thereby demonstrating the potential benefits of integrated urban water management.
Finally, the revival of the Ganga is not only an environmental mission but also a cultural and religious responsibility. How India treats its holiest river would also determine how it balances religion, science, and administration. The programme has set a base but whether it becomes a success story or another incomplete programme depends on the choices taken during the years ahead.
By Rishita Jain and Rhea Monga
Goa Institute of Management
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