26 November,2025 06:40 PM IST | Mumbai | Nascimento Pinto
The ash plumes from the recent eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano impacted flight operations in India on November 24.
Are you coughing and sneezing? Amid India's ongoing fight with worsening AQI and smog during the winter, the passing of the ash clouds from volcanic activity in Ethiopia can make it worse. While it moved away from India by 7.30 pm on Tuesday, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) said, everything has become hazy. It was a day after ash plumes from the recent eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano impacted flight operations in India on November 24.
Dr Harish Chafle, senior consultant chest physician and bronchoscopist at Gleneagles Hospitals explains the phenomenon, "A passing ash cloud may irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, causing burning, redness, or dryness. Fine ash particles can enter the lungs and trigger coughing, shortness of breath, or wheezing, especially in people with asthma. Some may experience headaches or mild nausea due to reduced air quality."
mid-day spoke to Dr Chafle and Dr Tanvi Bhatt, pulmonologist at Zynova Shalby hospital Mumbai to understand the effects. They not only share how it can affect your health but also share tips to stay safe.
What is the possible health impact of a passing ash cloud on the body?
Bhatt: A passing ash cloud can irritate the respiratory system, especially for people with asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or weak lung function. Fine particles can enter the airways and cause coughing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and throat irritation. In sensitive individuals, it may trigger wheezing or an acute flare-up. Even healthy people may experience discomfort if the particle concentration is high.
What are usually the contents of the ash cloud? How is it different from any other kind of ash?
Chafle: An ash cloud mainly contains very fine volcanic particles, glass-like dust, minerals, and gases like sulfur dioxide. Unlike normal ash from wood or burning waste, volcanic ash is sharper, more acidic, and can travel long distances in the air. These particles are extremely tiny, which is why they can easily irritate the body and lungs.
Bhatt: Ash clouds typically contain a dangerous mix of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), soot, sulfur dioxide, silica, heavy metals, and toxic gases. Unlike common ash from wood or household burning, these particles stay suspended in the air longer and can travel deep into the lungs, increasing the risk of inflammation and respiratory distress.
Does the worsening AQI coupled with the ash cloud worsen things?
Chafle: So, poor AQI combined with an ash cloud makes the air even more harmful. Both increase fine particles in the air, which can irritate the lungs and reduce oxygen flow. This combination can worsen breathing issues. It also reduces visibility and can cause fatigue or headaches in healthy people.
Bhatt: So, the bad AQI intensifies the impact because both the ash and existing pollutants add to the lung burden. When PM2.5, PM10, smoke, and industrial pollutants combine with ash particles, the air becomes far more harmful to breathe. This can increase respiratory distress, trigger asthma attacks in vulnerable people. The combination causes inflammation and makes the air unsafe even for short outdoor exposure.
Additionally, will it be worse because it's during the winter season?
Chafle: Winter usually traps pollutants closer to the ground due to low wind movement. This means ash and pollution stay in the air longer. Cold air also makes the airways more sensitive, increasing the chance of coughing and breathing discomfort. So, everyone should be careful.
Bhatt: Winter makes the impact stronger because cold air narrows the airways and traps pollutants closer to the ground. People also breathe more shallowly in cold weather, increasing irritation. Overall, symptoms feel more intense during winter exposure. So, take charge of your respiratory health by staying alert.
Which is the most vulnerable population?
Chafle: Children, pregnant women, senior citizens and those with existing comorbidities such as lung, heart and kidney problems should stay vigilant and take necessary precautions as recommended by the doctor. Be attentive when it comes to health.
Bhatt: Those having lung problems such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be extremely careful. They should stay in touch with the doctor and go for regular check-ups and follow-ups.
What are the easiest remedies for immediate treatment?
Chafle: Wear a mask to reduce inhalation of harmful particles. Stay indoors, use air purifiers, and close windows until the air clears. Rinse eyes and face from water and drink warm fluids to soothe irritation. People with asthma should keep inhalers handy and avoid outdoor activity.
Bhatt: Do not burn candles, incense sticks that can cause lung irritation and inflammation. Use exhaust fans in the kitchen when cooking and in bathrooms to manage moisture and fumes. Wear a mask while stepping out of the house. Try having warm liquids, such as water, herbal teas with ginger and honey, or clear broths, to help thin mucus and soothe your airways. You can also gargle with a warm saltwater gargle, as doing so can soothe an irritated throat and reduce mucus buildup.
What are some easy tips that people can follow to prevent issues?
Chafle: Keep windows closed when air quality dips and use an air purifier if possible. Always wear a mask outdoors, especially if you have asthma or allergies. Avoid morning walks on high-pollution days and make sure to exercise indoors. Stay hydrated and monitor AQI apps before stepping out.
Bhatt: It's imperative to use a mask or cover your face in case you are required to venture out of the house. Make sure to limit the outdoor activities, be at home, exercise at home, and use a humidifier. It's necessary to understand the air quality of your area, and then only step out. Likewise, avoid smoking and reduce indoor pollution sources like burning candles or using harsh chemicals. Avoid driving when the air quality is poor.
