Ringworm, Eczema and Rosacea – Common monsoon skin rashes and expert cures

Monsoon is synonymous with skin problems. High humidity levels during monsoons can cause the skin to retain more moisture than usual. Moisture combined with warmth creates a conducive environment for the growth of fungi and bacteria on the skin. Consequently, the skin develops an itch here and a scratch there leading to skin infections and rashes.

Next, due to waterlogging and accumulation of contaminated water in Mumbai's public spaces - the incidence of leptospirosis is also rising. The bacteria ‘Leptospira' enters the human body through scratches and open wounds that get exposed to dirty water. Additionally, continuous dampness makes it challenging to keep the clothes and footwear dry leading to further infections.

Mumbai-based photographer captures monsoon marvel in Colaba, Marine Drive

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With the threat of skin rashes looming high, it becomes imperative to understand its causes and preventive measures. Midday Online spoke to Mumbai-based skin expert - Dr Rinky Kapoor, consultant dermatologist from The Esthetic Clinics to decode common skin problems that develop during monsoon.

Lookout for these common skin rashes that develop during monsoon season:

Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis, commonly known as "monsoon rashes," is a skin condition that occurs due to increased exposure to irritants and allergens in rainy weather. The combination of high humidity, moisture, and contact with wet surfaces makes the skin more susceptible to inflammation and allergic reactions. People may experience redness, itching, swelling, and even blisters due to prolonged contact with rainwater, damp clothes, or plants and insects that thrive during this season.

Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis)
Ringworm of the body, also known as tinea corporis, is a fungal infection commonly seen during the monsoon season. The humid weather is apt for the fungi growth that is responsible for ringworm (usually belonging to the dermatophyte family) to thrive on the skin's surface. The fungi feed on dead skin cells and thrive in moist areas, leading to the development of red, circular, and itchy rashes on the body. During monsoon, people tend to sweat more, and damp clothes can further facilitate the spread of the fungus, making individuals more susceptible to contracting ringworm.

Eczema
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. The increased humidity can lead to excessive sweating, which can irritate the skin and worsen eczema symptoms. Additionally, the damp and moist conditions during monsoon may promote the growth of mold and dust mites, which are common allergens that can trigger eczema in susceptible individuals.

Moreover, the fluctuations in temperature and humidity during monsoon can disrupt the skin's barrier function, making it more susceptible to irritation and inflammation, further contributing to eczema outbreaks.

Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by redness, flushing, and the development of small, visible blood vessels on the face. The increased humidity and heat during monsoon can lead to excessive sweating, which is a known trigger for rosacea flare-ups. Additionally, the monsoon weather can cause dilation of blood vessels, contributing to facial redness.

Furthermore, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can aggravate rosacea symptoms, and during monsoons, people might overlook sun protection due to the cloudy weather. All these factors combined can make individuals with rosacea more susceptible to flare-ups and exacerbate the condition during the monsoon season.

Shingles (herpes zoster)
Fluctuations in immunity due to weather changes can contribute to the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, leading to shingles. This leads to the development of a painful, blistering rash that usually appears on one side of the body. The virus may lie dormant in nerve tissues after a person has had chickenpox, and the combination of factors during monsoon, such as weakened immune responses and environmental conditions, can trigger its resurgence, resulting in the characteristic painful rash.

Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis)
Swimmer's itch can be caused during the monsoon season by certain parasites found in contaminated freshwater bodies. Monsoon rains can lead to an increase in water levels and create favorable conditions for these parasites (cercariae) to thrive. The cercariae are released into the water by infected snails and can penetrate the skin of humans when they come into contact with contaminated water, leading to itchy rashes.

Treatments for common monsoon skin rashes

Prevention and cure for Contact Dermatitis
In most cases, the primary goal is to identify and avoid the irritant or allergen that triggered the reaction. Once the irritant is removed, the skin can begin to heal. Additionally, Kapoor recommends using topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory creams to reduce redness and itching. If the reaction is severe or widespread, oral corticosteroids or antihistamines might be prescribed to alleviate symptoms.

Keeping the affected area clean and moisturized can also aid in the healing process. In cases of allergic contact dermatitis, allergy testing may be performed to determine the specific allergen responsible for the reaction, enabling the individual to avoid exposure in the future. Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist can help monitor progress and adjust treatment as necessary to effectively manage contact dermatitis.

Cures for ringworm of the body
Topical antifungal creams or ointments containing ingredients like clotrimazole, miconazole, or terbinafine should be applied to the affected areas twice daily for at least two weeks, even if symptoms improve earlier. Additionally, keeping the affected skin clean and dry is crucial to prevent further spread of the infection.

Regularly changing clothes, using separate towels, and avoiding tight-fitting clothing can aid in this process. To expedite the healing process and reduce itching, over-the-counter antihistamines may be taken.

Prevention and cure for Eczema
Treating eczema during the monsoon involves a comprehensive approach to manage the condition and prevent flare-ups. To begin, it's crucial to maintain good personal hygiene, keeping the skin clean and dry to avoid bacterial or fungal infections. Use gentle, fragrance-free soaps and moisturizers to prevent further irritation. Avoid scratching the affected areas, as it can worsen the condition.

Applying topical corticosteroid creams or ointments as prescribed by a healthcare professional can help reduce inflammation and itching. Antihistamines can be taken to alleviate itching and promote better sleep. Additionally, wearing loose, breathable clothing and avoiding exposure to excessive humidity can be beneficial. Implementing a regular skincare routine, staying hydrated, and using air conditioning or dehumidifiers can also aid in managing eczema during the monsoon.

Prevention and cure for Rosacea
To cure Rosacea, it's crucial to avoid triggers that worsen the condition, such as spicy foods, alcohol, and excessive sun exposure. During the monsoon, staying in a cool and well-ventilated environment can help minimize flare-ups. Using gentle, non-irritating skincare products and mild cleansers is essential to avoid further aggravation.

Regular application of broad-spectrum sunscreen with high SPF is vital, even on cloudy days, to protect the skin from harmful UV rays. Topical medications containing ingredients like azelaic acid or metronidazole can help reduce redness and inflammation.

Prevention and cure for Shingles
To effectively manage this condition, antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir should be administered within 72 hours of the rash's appearance to reduce the severity and duration of the outbreak. Keeping the affected area clean and dry is crucial to prevent secondary infections. Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription pain medications may be used to alleviate discomfort and pain associated with shingles. Cool compresses can also provide relief to the affected area.

Prevention and cure for Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis)
To treat this condition, it's essential to avoid further exposure to the infested water. After swimming or coming into contact with such water, immediately rinse off with clean, fresh water and pat dry with a towel. Applying calamine lotion or anti-itch creams can help alleviate the itching and discomfort. Over-the-counter antihistamines may also be taken to reduce itching.

Swimmer's itch is typically self-limiting and resolves within a few days, but seeking medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen is advisable. Preventive measures such as avoiding swimming in contaminated waters, wearing protective clothing, and using waterproof sunscreen can help reduce the risk of contracting swimmer's itch during the monsoon.

Also Read: Mumbai rains: IMD predicts drop in rainfall intensity

Quick hacks to treat monsoon skin rashes
Use warm water to clean the area where there is a skin rash. Leave the affected area exposed to the air so that the rash can settle down.

Are there any home remedies for such skin problems?
One popular option for managing skin rashes is applying a cold compress to the affected area. This can help reduce inflammation and itching. It is better to seek the help of a doctor instead of trying home remedies that can further aggravate the skin rashes and worsen your condition. Do not follow any home remedies blindly.

What are the medicines and ointments one should keep handy in such scenarios?
1 Calamine lotion and aloe vera gel for soothing
2 Antibacterial cream containing mupirocin, or Neosporin
3 Antifungal cream and powder containing clotrimazole or terbinafine amorolfine etc