Mumbaikars deal with pollution on a daily basis. While the levels may vary, it is often difficult for people with breathing issues of various kinds. At such times, it is important to be aware and take precautions to be able to breathe properly and not face any challenges, especially while you are travelling. Every year, World Asthma Day is observed on the first Tuesday of May by people around the world, after it was first organised by Global Initiative for Asthma, which is a World Health Organization collaborative initiative formed in 1993. This year, it falls on May 7, and the theme is ‘Asthma Education Empowers’. It aims to raise awareness about asthma and empower people with the condition with appropriate education to manage it, and known when to seek medical help. About 34 million people suffer from asthma in India with many of them still being undiagnosed. With World Asthma Day here and Mumbai’s air quality currently in the moderate category with the AQI at 84, mid-day.com spoke to Dr Sulaiman Ladhani, pulmonologist, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central. Even though people suffering from asthma are aware of their condition, Dr Ladhani shares five tips to beat Mumbai’s air pollution. Wear a maskLadhani says if you are suffering from asthma, it is very important to wear a mask, especially while traveling and in crowded places, to reduce exposure to pollutants.Stay hydrated It is also important to stay well hydrated to keep airways moist. Dehydration may trigger an attack. Try to eat nutritious foods to maintain immunity and overall health.Periodic health checkupsIt is also important to get periodic check-ups from your doctors, take inhalers regularly, and keep a rescue inhaler in your pocket during emergencies.Avoid triggers Avoid triggers that can cause an attack such as smoke, acid reflux, sudden changes in temperature, and stress. Avoid exercising outside when pollution levels are high.Get vaccinatedPeople with chronic asthma and comorbidities should get flu vaccinations to decrease the risk of viral infections and flu-related severe attacks.
07 May,2024 05:18 PM IST | Mumbai | Nascimento Pinto
According to the 2022 Global Burden of Disease study, India has 34.3 million asthma patients, which is 13.09 per cent of the global burden. The study also estimates that 70 per cent of asthma patients in India are undiagnosed (also not reported) and India accounts for over 42 per cent of all global asthma deaths. World Asthma Day, observed annually, aims to spread awareness about this respiratory condition. “Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. This makes it difficult to breathe, and can cause symptoms like coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma attacks can be mild or severe, and can happen at any time. Pulmonary function tests with post-bronchodilator reversibility can help diagnose asthma in patients,” explains Dr Anusha C M, consultant – respiratory medicine at Manipal Hospital, Malleshwaram. While asthma can be managed, a significant threat comes from air pollution. She adds, “The number of reported asthma cases has doubled in the past decade. The main culprits are environmental factors like outdoor air pollutants. All these years, most of the asthma exacerbation used to be from June to December. But lately, our OPD is filled with asthma patients, even during the summer months. The worsening AQI (air quality index) makes it even more difficult to manage these exacerbations.” Also Read: Can this respiratory disease be cured with the latest medical advancements? Who is at risk “Asthma can affect all age groups, right from infancy to old age. It has a genetic predisposition, meaning you are more likely to develop asthma if any of your parents or relatives have asthma. Primary triggers include pollens, house dust mites, pets, moulds over the walls, and indoor and outdoor air pollutants,” says the respiratory medicine expert. Does air pollution increase risk of developing asthma? Research even suggests that exposure to air pollution in early life can heighten the risk of developing asthma altogether. “Yes, exposure to air pollution, particularly in children, has been associated with a higher likelihood of developing asthma. Additionally, if you already have asthma, exposure to air pollution can exacerbate your symptoms. Particulate matter (PM), which includes small airborne particles found in haze, smoke, and dust, contributes significantly to poor air quality and poses health risks, particularly in relation to asthma. Air pollutants such as PM, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can irritate the airways and trigger inflammation, which may contribute to the development of asthma or exacerbate existing asthma symptoms,” says Dr. Vasunethra Kasargod, consultant – pulmonologist at Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru. The impact of indoor air pollution “Indoor air pollution significantly impacts asthma patients by exacerbating symptoms and triggering respiratory issues. Tobacco smoke, home cleansers, pet dander, mould, incense smoke, mosquito repellents, biomass fuel smoke and insufficient ventilation are some of the factors that contribute to indoor air pollution,” explains Kasargod. Prevention is the best cure The two medical experts tell us that preventive care remains paramount in managing asthma, given its multifaceted triggers and widespread prevalence. Below, they outline measures that can be adapted by asthma patients to minimise exposure to air pollution. Eradicating house dust mitesHouse dust mites (HDM) stand out as a ubiquitous allergen, pervasive in household items like bedsheets, curtains, soft toys, and carpets. Regularly soaking bedsheets in hot water before washing can effectively eradicate dust mites while removing carpets and routinely cleaning soft toys can further minimise exposure. One can also try using hypoallergenic mattress covers, pillows, and bedding that can significantly reduce your exposure to dust mites and allergens they produce, promoting better sleep and potentially fewer asthma flare-ups. Keep pollen at bayThe second most common allergen is pollen, which gets flown away by the wind from trees and plants. One easy way to prevent this is to have a shower after you reach home and have a change of clothes – this helps to get rid of them. Groom your petsWhile pets bring joy, their dander (tiny flakes of skin) can trigger allergies. Brushing your pet regularly removes loose dander before it sheds and floats around your home. Aim for daily brushing for high-shedding breeds. Also remember to wash your pet's bedding weekly in hot water to eliminate accumulated dander. HEPA-filtered air purifiersThese purifiers trap tiny particles that can trigger asthma, like dust mites, pollen, and pet dander. By filtering the indoor air, you can significantly reduce your exposure to these irritants and potentially lessen asthma symptoms. Also Read: A comprehensive guide to managing monsoon asthma triggers Abstaining from indoor smokingSmoke from cigarettes, cigars, and even some forms of incense can severely irritate airways and worsen asthma. Creating a smoke-free environment at home protects your lungs and those of others around you. Preserving adequate ventilationFresh air is essential. Open windows regularly, especially when cooking, cleaning, or using potentially irritating products. Proper ventilation helps remove pollutants and bring in clean air, reducing asthma triggers indoors. Monitoring humidity levelsMould thrives in damp environments. Keeping indoor humidity levels between 30 per cent and 50 per cent discourages mould growth. Invest in a hygrometer to measure humidity and use dehumidifiers if necessary. Keeping an eye on air quality indicesMany areas have air quality monitoring programs. Stay informed about air quality in your area and limit outdoor activities when pollution levels are high. Consult a doctor for your Asthma treatment plan Consulting a doctor is crucial for proper asthma diagnosis and management. They can develop a personalised asthma action plan specific to your needs and triggers. It is also imperative to know the proper inhaler technique so your asthma can be well controlled according to Dr Anusha. Taking your medication as directed by your doctor is essential for controlling asthma symptoms and preventing flare-ups. She proposes the usage of inhalers, “An asthma treatment plan is usually initiated in the form of inhalers. As opposed to the myth, these are completely safe, not addictive, and need not be used lifelong. Since the inhalers directly reach the lungs, they are more effective than oral medications and also have fewer side effects. These inhalers help control the blood allergy levels and control the symptoms of asthma.”
07 May,2024 09:31 AM IST | Mumbai | Maitrai AgarwalIn 2019, Pooja and Ankit (name changed) a thalassemia minor couple, planned a second baby to help their first-born child with the genetic disorder, who required blood transfusion on a fortnightly basis. With a second baby, the couple, aged 33 and 35, from Uttar Pradesh’s Saharanpur, hoped to provide a matching donor for their firstborn, 3 years old, and cure the disorder via stem-cell transplant. However, to ensure a healthy second baby, they opted for in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The woman underwent three IVF cycles, each requiring intensive hormonal stimulation. Each cycle entailed daily injections for a minimum of 10-12 days, followed by egg retrieval under anaesthesia. The process had to be repeated thrice to amass a sufficient pool of 16-18 embryos, ensuring the possibility of identifying at least one embryo free from thalassemia. Doctors at Jindal IVF, Chandigarh, combined in vitro fertilisation (IVF) technique with Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) -- a breakthrough procedure, reportedly used for the second time in India -- resulting in a healthy newborn on April 4, and hope for thalassemia major patients. “IVF PGT is absolutely beneficial for thalassemia and all single gene disorders where the mutation involved is known and probably the only method available which can prevent passing on the affecting mutation to future family generations. It gives us a chance to select a non-affected embryo thus preventing transmission,” Dr Sheetal Jindal, Senior consultant and medical director, at Jindal IVF, Chandigarh, said, ahead of thalassemia day on May 8. What is thalassemia?Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterised by abnormal haemoglobin production, leading to anaemia and potentially severe health complications. It is caused by genetic mutations that affect the production of haemoglobin, a crucial component of red blood cells. Patients require lifelong blood transfusions with at least one unit of blood within a maximum of 20 days. How can IVF help?Dr Manju Nair, clinical director- Fertility, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru, Old Airport Road, told IANS that IVF with genetic testing can help reduce the risk of thalassemia by selecting embryos free of genetic mutations. “This involves testing to identify carriers of thalassemia gene mutations. If both partners are carriers (that is, they carry one abnormal copy of the gene but do not have thalassemia themselves), there is a risk of having a child with thalassemia if both pass on their abnormal genes,” she explained. Couples with a family history of thalassemia or belonging to ethnic groups with a higher prevalence of thalassemia should consider genetic counselling, before conception or during early pregnancy. In general cases, screening tests in the first trimester (first 12 weeks) can indicate the presence of such genetic disorders. “IVF, combined with Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), can potentially help prevent the risk of thalassemia in certain situations,” Dr Manju said According to Dr Sheetal the success rate in such patients “is 50-60 per cent and even higher because most of these females are otherwise fertile”. However, “In IVF, patients have to take multiple injections daily. Also even after so much effort, we might not get a fully matched embryo, and sometimes more IVF cycles might have to be done. It is also very expensive as the cost of 1 cycle might be 7-8 lakhs,” she added. “IVF with PGT is a wonderful treatment for couples with known genetic disorders. When I see the suffering parents face with an affected child, I genuinely want to help them. Their whole lifetime, money, and energy revolve around their affected child. In such cases the pain is so much that if someone can afford to some extent it can be a big saviour for the family and can bring happiness and real joy of parenthood,” the doctor said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
06 May,2024 04:44 PM IST | New Delhi | IANSPatients C.V. Shastry (80) and C. Bhagyalakshmi (75) had been experiencing knee pain and difficulty in walking for the last 15 years. They consulted various doctors and tried conservative measures of treatment including several injections in the knees. However, all of them failed to give a solution for any significant period. Their son C. M. Vijayakumar, a banking professional based in Navi Mumbai approached Medicover Hospitals via social media to give a fresh lease of life to his parents. The total knee replacement surgery took place sequentially in the same stretch of admission, providing relief from discomfort, walking difficulties and pain. Following the procedure, the couple regained full mobility and can now carry out their daily activities without any restrictions. Dr Deepak Gautam, consultant joint replacement and director of orthopedic disciplines, Medicover Hospitals, Navi Mumbai and his team successfully conducted the surgery on the couple suffering from severe osteoarthritis in their knees. Gautam remarked, “The couple came to the hospital along with their son by taking his support while walking. Their x-ray revealed degenerative changes in their knees. Their clinical conditions and X-rays indicated that they were the ideal candidates to benefit from knee replacement surgery. Age is an independent risk factor for such surgeries, but there were no other options left to bring back on their feet. Luckily despite being an octogenarian (husband) and septuagenarian (wife), they had little comorbidities with controlled blood pressure and sugar level which gave an anaesthetist more confidence in taking up the care.” Also Read: Pune doctors remove turmeric pieces that formed layers in elderly man’s lungs He added, “Both the couple underwent successful total knee replacement sequentially in the same stretch of admission and got discharged the same day hand in hand. The couple could walk pain-free, the next day after surgery. We are blessed to give the couple a pain-free life ahead." Dr Jayashree Venkatesan, consultant anaesthesiologist emphasised that "Anesthesia is a risky job, putting the patient to sleep, giving temporary paralysis to legs, numbing part of the body is fine to proceed with surgery. However, the entire responsibility of getting back all that working in the original manner is the real challenge for the anesthetist. And there lies the importance of an anesthetist." He adds, "The geriatric age group poses immense risk as patients have all the comorbidities: reduced function of almost every organ, post operative pain, healing and rehabilitation are major concerns. Regional anesthesia like epidural, spinal anesthesia, and nerve blocks help to maintain homeostasis during surgery and reduce postoperative pain, help in physiotherapy and early rehabilitation and discharge. These patients tolerated the anesthesia well and recovered well." The couple’s son Mr C.M. Vijayakumar highlighted, “After years of watching my parents struggle with mobility issues and the frustration that came with their inability to walk independently, I made it my mission to find a potent solution. The team of dcotors not only listened to our concerns but also provided personalised care and treatment plans tailored to my parent's needs." Also Read: How this new heart procedure saved the life of a 72-year-old woman in Mumbai
06 May,2024 04:11 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentTaking acid reflux medications may raise the risk of migraines in individuals already suffering from the debilitating headache, according to a top neurologist. Dr Sudhir Kumar from Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, said this, citing a recent study published in the journal Neurology Clinical Practice. Led by researchers from the University of Maryland in the US, the study showed that acid-reducing drugs, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole and esomeprazole, histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), H2 blockers such as cimetidine and famotidine, and antacid supplements, are linked to a higher risk of migraines and other severe headaches than people who do not take these medications. “In people who are suffering from migraines or other severe headaches, and are taking PPIs or H2RAs for treating gastrointestinal symptoms, it may be worthwhile stopping these medicines to see if their headaches reduce,” the doctor wrote in a post on X. The study found that PPIs use was associated with a 70 per cent higher risk of migraines and other headaches, while H2RAs use was associated with a 40 per cent higher risk. “It is possible that these observed associations are related to comorbidity between gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and migraine disease and symptoms, Dr Sudhir explained. He noted that several studies have observed associations between the presence of migraine and GI conditions, including Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, peptic ulcers, gastroparesis and GERD. “New cases of migraine have been noted after starting PPI/H2RA therapy. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish the cause-effect relationship,” Dr Sudhir said. Also Read: Kokum butter: Lesser known techniques for skin-lightening This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
06 May,2024 03:57 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Although the current fad over 0-toxin skincare may seem modern, it extends way back in time. For ages, our ancestors have sworn by the use of natural ingredients like turmeric, aloe vera and rice water for skin care. Adding to the list of natural skincare ingredients is a lesser-known marvel: the Kokum fruit. Nestled in the dense foliage of India's Western Ghats, this fruit is a kitchen-staple for Mumbaikars. Emerging from the Garcinia Indica tree, this deep purple globular fruit also serves as an excellent emollient that shields the skin from oxidative stress and environmental aggressors. Take it from skincare gurus: Kokum is a hidden elixir for reducing skin tan and boosting collagen levels. Delving into the benefits of using Kokum for skincare, Midday Online spoke to a city-based skincare expert Namrata Naik, the National Technical Educator at Biosoft. Here is what she recommends: Is Kokum Butter really a thing? Naik dives into the chemistry of Kokums and tells us that "its high antioxidant content shields the skin from oxidative stress, thus fighting premature aging and preserving youthful skin. By neutralising free radicals, kokum effectively combats environmental aggressors like UV radiation and pollution, which can cause fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone." Not only this, its anti-inflammatory properties work wonders in calming irritated skin, reducing redness, and alleviating swelling, thereby promoting an even skin tone, she informs. Also Read: An expert guide to reverse grey hair with natural remedies Additionally, kokum's antibacterial properties play a crucial role in maintaining skin health by fending off acne-causing bacteria and related infections. Its rich reserves of Vitamin C further contribute to skin lightening by stimulating collagen production, which enhances skin elasticity and firmness. Moreover, kokum's moisturising prowess cannot be overstated. The fatty acids present in kokum butter or oil deliver deep hydration to the skin, improving moisture retention and preventing dryness. How to use it? Naik lists 6 potent skin-lightening balms using kokum butter as the star ingredient: Kokum butter brightening balm: Melt kokum butter and blend it with a few drops of rosehip seed oil (skin-rejuvenating agent). Add a pinch of licorice root powder (inhibits melanin production). Apply this balm nightly to dark spots and areas of uneven pigmentation to gradually lighten and brighten the skin. Kokum infusion elixir: Heat kokum oil gently and infuse it with crushed mulberry leaves, (skin-lightening agent). Allow the mixture to steep for several hours, then strain and store in a dark glass bottle. Apply this infusion to cleansed skin before bedtime to fade dark spots and promote a more even complexion. Kokum glow mask: Combine kokum powder with a tablespoon of raw honey (hydrating and exfoliating agent). Add a splash of freshly squeezed lemon juice (rich in Vitamin C). Apply this mask to clean skin, let it sit for 15 minutes, then rinse off with warm water. Use weekly to visibly reduce dark spots and reveal a brighter, more even skin tone. Kokum soothing serum: Blend kokum oil with a few drops of chamomile essential oil (anti-inflammatory agent). Add a drop of lavender essential oil (skin-calming agent). Apply this serum to irritated or inflamed areas to reduce redness and promote skin healing. Kokum radiance scrub: Mix melted kokum butter with sugar and a splash of lemon juice (natural exfoliant). Gently massage this scrub onto damp skin in circular motions, then rinse off with warm water for a clearer skin. Kokum herbal toner: Steep dried chamomile flowers and green tea leaves in hot water until fully infused, then strain the mixture and let it cool. Add a few drops of kokum extract to the cooled herbal infusion. Transfer the toner to a spray bottle and spritz onto clean skin or apply with a cotton pad after cleansing to tighten pores and enhance skin brightness. To what does Kokum owe its skin-protective properties? Kokum, scientifically known as Garcinia indica, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine and culinary practices for its numerous health benefits, including its skin-protective properties. Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA): Kokum is rich in HCA, a compound known for its antioxidant properties. Antioxidants combat free radicals, protecting skin from oxidative stress and premature aging while promoting a healthier, more radiant complexion. They help neutralise damage caused by environmental factors such as UV radiation and pollution Garcinol: These are polyisoprenyl benzophenones found in kokum, known for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. They help soothe irritated skin and prevent bacterial infections. Vitamin C: The fruit contains a good amount of vitamin C, which is essential for collagen production. Collagen is crucial for maintaining skin elasticity and preventing sagging and wrinkles. B-complex Vitamins: It also contains various B-complex vitamins like niacin, riboflavin, and thiamine, which contribute to overall skin health and function. Vitamin E: Kokum is a good source of vitamin E, a potent antioxidant that helps nourish and protect the skin from damage caused by environmental factors like UV radiation and pollution. Essential fatty acids: The fruit's oil contains essential fatty acids like omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9, which help maintain the skin's lipid barrier, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated. (Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.) Also Read: Expert beauty guide to keep your makeup sweat proof this summer Also Read: Discover top 5 niacin-rich foods you must include in your diet
04 May,2024 01:00 PM IST | Mumbai | Ainie Rizvi
Every first Sunday of May, the world comes together to celebrate World Laughter Day. The day aims to raise awareness about the power of laughter for health and well-being. From reducing stress to boosting the immune system, laughter is a natural medicine we should all embrace. One of the first people to leverage laughter for its medical benefits was Mumbai-resident Dr Madan Kataria. “Laughter Yoga is a concept where anyone can laugh without jokes or using any humour. This was founded by Dr Madan Kataria, a medical doctor from Mumbai in 1995. His first laughter yoga club was started in a park in Lokhandwala, Mumbai with a small group of five people including him and his wife. Soon enough, this concept became popular throughout the world not only in parks, but also in corporations, senior citizen centres, schools, colleges, universities and even in prisons,” reveals yoga expert Pooja Nidadavolu, master at JetSynthesys’ Thinkright.me. She further explains, “He called this laughter yoga because it combines laughter exercises with deep breathing techniques from yoga. This brings more oxygen to the brain, thereby making us feel more energetic and healthier. He discovered that scientifically our bodies cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter and that we derive the same physiological and biochemical changes as from real laughter.” Why induce laughter When asked why do people need to induce laughter, Nidadavolu answers, “This concept of laughter yoga involves performing certain exercises, using our breath in a safe environment to laugh voluntarily and heartily without any reason. In the modern day stressed life, one may not find enough reasons so often to laugh for prolonged periods of time. Laughter that happens in real life is not enough to produce physiological changes in our bodies as proven by scientific studies, whereas laughter that lasts for a longer period of time is a must to get the therapeutic benefits of laughter. For the positive effects of laughter to be felt, it is required to laugh for 10-15 minutes vigorously, that involves the movement of the diaphragm. Doing this activity in a group setting is infectious – it also brings a sense of community and shared joy.” Benefits of laughter yoga “Laughter yoga’s exercises and breathing techniques can lead to physical, emotional, and social benefits,” says Nidadavolu. Below, she lists five benefits of laughter yoga. Brings in more oxygen to the body aiding immunity The physical act of laughing increases heart rate and circulation. This improved blood flow helps deliver oxygen and immune cells throughout the body, allowing them to reach areas where they're needed most to fight off infection. Reduces stress levels Laughing out loud releases endorphins in our brain and could reduce the levels of stress hormones, which may help in feeling relaxed and joyful. Improves respiratory system Deep breathing techniques practices during laughter yoga brings in more oxygen to the body and especially to the brain and lungs. Strengthens relationships Since this is a practiced in a group setting, it fosters a sense of community and allows us to experience connections in personal and professional life. Reduces blood pressure Studies have shown that blood pressure has lowered in groups that practiced laughter yoga. 7 ways to practice laughter yoga “By practicing laughter yoga, we are being in this present moment by focusing on just the action that we are doing, being very mindful of each movement and our breath and disconnecting from the future or the past. It can be very meditative when done right and enhance our mental well-being,” poses Nidadavolu. The yoga expert shares seven techniques to help you get started. Start with warm up exercises Shake the hands and loosing up the body.Clap and chant ‘ho, ho, ho’ and ‘ha, ha, ha.’Take long deep breath in, hold it in, and then exhale with a laugh. Child-like cheers Say ‘very good’ and ‘yay’ and clap. Simultaneously swing arms upward and keep eye contact with others. Handshake laughter Greet others in the group with a handshake and laugh. Milkshake laughter Hold two imaginary glasses in the hands pouring one into the other and say ‘heyyy heyy’ and laugh out loud. Credit card bill laughter Imagine a credit card bill on your palms, show it to other members on the group and then laugh Mental Floss laughter Imagine taking a dental floss but a longer thread and try to clean your mind using that thread just like you would clean your teeth. One minute laughter challenge Look at anyone in the group and laugh for one continuous minute. What to do after laughter yoga “Cooling down is an important part of laughter yoga. It helps fight the dizziness and light-headedness that occur can after intense exercising, allowing your blood flow to return to normal,” says Nidadavolu. 1. Try to mindfully slow down and naturally allow the laugh to happen without forcing and trying too hard. 2. To end this laughter exercise - lie down on your back, hands by your sides, with palms facing upward.3. Try not to move. Take deep breaths. Inhale and relax the muscles as you exhale. Take slower, longer, and deeper breaths relaxing the whole body.
04 May,2024 10:39 AM IST | Mumbai | Maitrai Agarwal
Due to cutting-edge technology and the constant evolution of the medical field, asthma treatments have come a long way since the early days of simply managing symptoms with basic inhalers. However, there remains a significant level of uncertainty whether or not there ever will be a cure for this respiratory disease. Ahead of World Asthma Day 2024 – a day observed annually to promote awareness of asthma worldwide – Mid-day.com reached out to health experts who speak at large about the significant improvements in treatments of this condition. Asthma is a fatal lung disease that requires timely intervention. It is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrows the airways in the lungs. It can lead to breathing difficulties and make it challenging for individuals to do their daily activities with ease. “The common signs and symptoms of asthma are coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, inability to talk, anxiety, chest pain, troubled sleep, rapid breathing, and constant risk of infections,” elucidates Dr Sanggita Checker, consultant chest physician, Wockhardt Hospitals Mira Road. Dr Radhika Banka, consultant respiratory physician, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mahim shares, “Family history, obesity, and childhood malnourishment, environmental factors such as smoking, indoor air pollution (including coal and gas emissions), and certain occupational exposures (like working with fumes) increase the risk of developing asthma.” Further, Dr Sarthak Rastogi, consultant, respiratory medicine, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre states, “Asthma triggers can range from pollen, moulds, dust mites, viral infections, exercise, certain medications like Aspirin, smoke, cold air, and volatile chemicals in everyday materials like cleaning agents or perfumes.” Evolution of asthma treatments How have Asthma treatments evolved over the years? Rastogi: Up until the 1950s, asthma treatment consisted largely of delivering drugs with adrenergic or anticholinergic properties including the quite oxymoronic Asthma Cigarettes which contained Stramonium (Dhatura or thorn apple) leaves in addition to tobacco, belladonna alkaloids, injection of anti-cholinergic drugs, inhaled or injected adrenaline. Around 75 years ago, oral corticosteroids were available. After a couple of decades later corticosteroids and Ipratropium were used to reduce the side effects and improve the quality of an asthmatic person’s life. Since then we have over a dozen combinations of inhaled drugs in a variety of devices including metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers and nebulisers. Now patients have options of drugs that can be given safely with only minimal side effects and maximum improvements in their condition including lung function. Also Read: Common infections of intimate areas and prevention tips Biological drugs are made from natural sources which are designed to target precisely the pathway of a disease, thereby eliminating the disease process. These drugs are reserved for severe asthma only, which affects less than five-10 per cent of the asthmatic population. Biologicals have revolutionised severe asthma management by making the patient live free of asthma attacks and reducing dependency on oral steroid therapy which is one of the cornerstones of treatment in severe asthma and carries grave side effects. However, biologicals come at a heavy price to an already stretched out-of-pocket healthcare expense scenario in India. Can asthma be cured with the help of advanced medical treatments? Checker: It is a known fact that asthma cannot be cured due to various triggers and contributing factors. While new treatments can effectively manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of exacerbations, they do not address the underlying mechanisms that cause asthma. As research continues to evolve, scientists are working towards better understanding of the disease mechanisms and developing more personalised approaches to treatment. Banka: While asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed. This involves medication, primarily inhalers, avoiding triggers, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and maintaining overall well-being. Although asthma may go into remission for extended periods, a definitive cure remains elusive. Like many chronic illnesses, controlling it is paramount, as complete eradication is often unattainable. Rastogi: Asthma is an incurable disease. Alternative medicine believes that they can cure asthma, however, more often than not, either the condition was incorrectly diagnosed as asthma or in many cases, asthma can go into remission as a natural course of the condition (espcially in prepubescent children). Care for asthmatic patients Can the summer season be harsh for people suffering from asthma? Checker: Scorching summer heat can be dangerous for people struggling with asthma as hot air can tighten and narrow one’s airways inducing breathing problems. During summer, the pollutants and dust cause aggravation of asthma symptoms. Moreover, one is also exposed to pollen and allergies that can trigger asthma. Insect bites can cause allergic reactions aggravating one’s symptoms. Also Read: How social media addiction has given rise to popcorn brain in young adults Rastogi: In summer, hot weather can improve the symptoms of a lot of patients but increasing temperature can also lead to several other issues like the rise of dust levels and pollen which worsen asthma control. Also, rising temperature can lead to drying up of mucus, which in asthmatics can become bothersome as they tend to have thick and gelatinous mucus. Staying indoors, frequent cleaning and vacuuming of the dust, staying hydrated and regularly using inhalers as prescribed can help one stay away from the emergency room or visit the doctor out of turn. Which foods must asthmatics eat and avoid to help manage the condition? Checker: To help manage the condition, opting for foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon, flaxseeds, and walnuts can be a good option for asthmatics as they are loaded with anti-inflammatory properties, reduce inflammation in the body that is linked to this life-threatening condition. Add a lot of fruits and vegetables to your diet to get essential vitamins and nutrients that support overall health. Rastogi: Foods which help prevent asthma are very individualised and vary on a case-to-case basis. Generally, people with asthma should avoid cold and sour food items. Also, food with added colours or sulphites (preservatives) should be avoided. A healthy diet with weight control/loss helps in controlling asthma symptoms and lung function. Losing a little weight can also help. Coffee may have some positive benefits although the dose of caffeine needed to have objective improvement in lung function is usually very high. Which exercises can help manage asthma? Checker: 1. Cardio workouts such as swimming, walking, or cycling are excellent exercises for managing asthma. 2. Pilates and yoga are good options for individuals with asthma as they focus on controlled breathing techniques that can help strengthen one’s respiratory muscles and support better lung capacity. 3. Interval training can help build endurance and will be helpful for asthma patients. 4. Walking is an impactful exercise in managing asthma symptoms. 5. Strength training exercises such as weight lifting can also benefit those with asthma by improving muscle strength and endurance. Rastogi: Breathing exercises that require hyperventilation (fast and shallow breathing) can be detrimental and must be avoided. Using an incentive spirometer for breathing exercises is beneficial, especially in overweight individuals or those who do not move around much. What are some home remedies that help in easing asthma symptoms? Checker: Taking steam daily can help clear your airways and reduce inflammation, providing relief from breathing difficulties. Creating an allergen-free zone in the bedroom can significantly contribute to better asthma management without the need for medication. Rastogi: While there are no home remedies for asthma, you can ensure a few things to prevent triggers. These include: 1. Regular cleaning and vacuuming the home. Avoid carpets, rugs which accumulate dust, and thick material tapestry which cannot be cleaned regularly. 2. Change your bedsheets and pillow cover regularly. 3. Ensure regular maintenance of air conditioners and air purifiers if you have them at home. 4. Check for moulds in the walls, bathrooms, pipe inlet and outlet areas and carry out regular pest control for cockroaches. 5. Avoid air pollution, burning incense sticks, and cooking with clean fuel. 6. Exercise regularly and eat healthy. Also Read: Apple Watch saves life of a Delhi woman, alerts her of abnormal heart rhythm Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
04 May,2024 10:02 AM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha AhireReducing air pollution levels in India can be the key to curb the rising burden of diabetes in the country, health experts said on Thursday. With a tenth of all Indians having diabetes, the country is already known as the diabetes capital of the world. Data shows India is home to 101 million diabetics and 136 million pre-diabetic people. The prevalence of chronic disease is expected to soar further, especially among young adults. Earlier known to affect the lungs, research now confirms that air pollution can be a significant contributor to the onset of diabetes in India. The latest Lancet study showed that 20 per cent of global Type 2 diabetes cases are related to chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2·5 micrometres or less (PM2·5). About 13.4 per cent was derived from ambient PM2.5 and 6.5 per cent from household air pollution. Dr Ambrish Mithal, Chairman, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Max HealthCare, told IANS that there is now data to suggest that PM 2.5, which is 30 times thinner than the human hair increases the risk of type two diabetes. "Even one month of exposure can increase the risk of insulin resistance and developing diabetes. And prolonged exposure will increase the risk of diabetes by up to 20 per cent," he said. The air pollution levels in India are among the highest in the world. In 2023, the country was ranked the third-most polluted country globally, after Bangladesh and Pakistan, as per the 2023: World Air Quality Report. So, while the WHO recommends five micrograms per cubic metre of PM 2.5 is acceptable, in India, the average is 50, and in some cities, it goes up even higher, the doctor said. "The effect of air pollution on the lungs has been well documented. Recent evidence shows that air pollution can also act as an endocrine disruptor leading to type 2 diabetes," Dr V. Mohan, Chairman, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre told IANS. Citing a recent study from India which followed 12,064 adults residing in Delhi and Chennai for 7 years, he said: "A 10 milligrams per cubic metre of air, increase in monthly average exposure to PM2.5 was associated with 0.04 milligrams per deciliter increase in fasting sugar and a 0.021 unit increase in HbA1c." The HbA1c test is used to evaluate a person's level of glucose control. "An increase in average annual PM2.5 exposure by 10 milligrams per cubic metre of air, was associated with a 22 per cent increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. This shows the importance of avoiding air pollution to improve the health of people in general and in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in particular," the noted diabetologist said. Experts noted that curbing air pollution levels is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for preventing new onset of diabetes cases. How is air pollution linked to diabetes? PM 2.5 is a tiny particle that enters the bloodstream and attaches to the cells to produce insulin resistance. "It can possibly attack the pancreas and cause inflammation there and possibly reduce insulin secretion,” Dr Mithal said. "While the exact mechanism is not clearly worked out, it seems to be both at the level of insulin resistance and insulin secretion. But, there is no doubt that there is a link between air pollution and diabetes and it is one of the significant contributing factors in the increase of diabetes in India," he added. The doctor noted that poor air quality is also emerging as a major factor behind the rising cardiovascular problems in the country. "Amid the growing link between diabetes, heart risk, and air pollution we need cleaner energy and rules on pollution," Dr Anoop Misra, Chairman & Director, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Fortis C-Doc Hospital, told IANS. "More green spaces in cities can also help. Masks and air purifiers might help a bit, but not everyone can afford purifiers. Public education is key. We need everyone -- government, businesses, and communities -- to work together," he said.
03 May,2024 10:20 PM IST | New Delhi | IANSHypertension in childhood and adolescence may raise the long-term risk of serious heart conditions like stroke and heart attack, by four times, according to a new study on Friday. Hypertension is known to affect one in every 15 children and adolescents worldwide and has become a growing concern. To understand its long-term effect, researchers compared 25,605 children and adolescents diagnosed with hypertension between 1996 and 2021 in Ontario, Canada, to peers without the condition. The follow-up of 13 years showed that those with hypertension had a two to four times higher risk of experiencing heart attack, stroke, heart failure, or cardiac surgery compared to those without it. Experts called for boosting blood pressure screening and treatment during childhood to reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular disease as an adult. "Devoting more resources to paediatric blood pressure screening and control could lower the risks of long-term heart conditions in children with hypertension," said Cal H. Robinson, paediatric nephrology fellow at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Canada. "More awareness about the importance of regular screening and follow-up for paediatric hypertension may prevent children from developing significant adverse heart outcomes later in life," Robinson added. The findings will be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, held May 3-6 in Toronto. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
03 May,2024 06:29 PM IST | New Delhi | IANSThe Delhi High Court has issued directives to combat the use of spurious Oxytocin hormone in the dairy colonies across the national capital, stressing the need to address animal cruelty and public health concerns. A division bench comprising Acting Chief Justice Manmohan and Justice Manmeet P.S. Arora ruled that administering Oxytocin without proper authorisation constitutes an offence under the relevant legislation. The bench was dealing with a plea alleging violations of various laws in Delhi's dairy colonies, filed by Sunayana Sibal, Asher Jessudoss, and Akshita Kukreja. The court asked the Department of Drugs Control, GNCTD, to conduct regular inspections and ensure that cases of spurious Oxytocin usage or possession are registered under the pertinent laws. Moreover, the Intelligence Department of the Delhi Police has been tasked with identifying the sources of oxytocin and taking legal action against the offenders. The plea pointed to the necessity of relocating dairies to areas with adequate infrastructure and sanitary conditions to safeguard public health and prevent animal cruelty. Expressing concern over the dairies located near the landfill sites, the court stressed the urgency of relocating such facilities due to potential health hazards posed by contaminated feed and milk. While acknowledging the need for relocation, the court deferred issuing binding directives pending further consultation with the relevant officials. The court also directed the key officials from the municipal bodies, veterinary departments, and food safety authorities to participate in the proceedings on May 8. Officials have been tasked with exploring suitable relocation sites and coordinating efforts to address the complex issues surrounding dairy operations in Delhi. Also Read: This election is crucial to save our constitution: INDIA bloc party workers during nomination filing in Bandra This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
03 May,2024 06:18 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSADVERTISEMENT
