About 41 per cent of advertisements shown between the overs during the 2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup were surrogate ads of smokeless tobacco, according to a recent study by the ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research on World No Tobacco Day. World No Tobacco Day is observed every year on May 31 to raise awareness of preventable death and disease caused by tobacco. The theme this year is "protecting children from tobacco industry interference". The study, published in the BMJ, showed that the tobacco industry is flouting regulatory policies via surrogate advertising of smokeless tobacco products. This is of significance since India is a major producer and consumer of smokeless tobacco products with over 200 million adult users. The country also contributes to nearly 80 per cent of deaths attributable to smokeless tobacco products, the study showed. While Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCT), India's Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 (COTPA) prohibits direct and indirect tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS), the tobacco industry spends half a billion dollars annually on the promotion of smokeless tobacco products. The study showed that the industry "circumvents TAPS restrictions" by making "indirect and direct tobacco product promotion in sports". Prof. Monika Arora, Vice-President (Research) at the Public Health Foundation of India, calls the tactic "brand stretching" -- a marketing strategy where the industry markets the smokeless tobacco product with a well-developed image in a different product category. The Professor noted that in addition to FCTC and COTPA rules, the Cable Television Network Rules, 1995, of India also prohibits TV Channels from carrying out an advertisement that directly or indirectly promotes the sale or consumption of cigarettes and other tobacco products. "These smokeless tobacco products are being advertised as elaichi (cardamom) or pan masala as non-tobacco products. Whereas, their primary products available in the market are tobacco variants with the same brand names and are widely used as smokeless tobacco products," she said. "Bollywood and sports celebrities endorsing these products is an area of concern given their massive fan following and adverse influence on adolescents and youth who consider these celebrities as their role models." According to data, India has 266.8 million adult tobacco users, which includes cigarette, and bidi smokers as well as smokeless tobacco users buying products in loose form. Tobacco is a common risk factor for the rising cases of non-communicable diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases in India. The public health expert called for "strict enforcement" of Section 5 of COTPA that underscores the prohibition of direct and indirect forms of Tobacco Advertising Promotions and Sponsorships "to effectively address the issue of glamourisation of smoking". "We need to initiate targeted campaigns in schools to dissuade children and adolescents from initiating smoking under the influence of excessive exposure being projected through advertisements, movies, and web series on streaming platforms," Prof. Monika said.
03 June,2024 10:50 AM IST | New Delhi | IANSChecking on your insulin resistance levels may be key in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes, top diabetologists said on Sunday. India has a staggering 101 million individuals afflicted by diabetes, while the number of prediabetes stands at 136 million, according to 2023 data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). With no immediate and effective changes brought, the numbers are expected to double in the coming two decades. “Curbing insulin resistance can certainly help to prevent or delay diabetes. This can be achieved by lifestyle modification including calorie restriction, reduction in carbohydrates, improving physical activity, proper sleep, etc.," Dr V Mohan, chairman of Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre. What is insulin resistance? The term ‘insulin resistance’ means that the action of insulin is impaired primarily in disposing of the glucose or lowering the glucose level. It can occur at various sites, including the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Most obese people do have insulin resistance, but unless there is decreased pancreatic beta cell function, that is, decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance does not always lead to diabetes, said Dr Mohan. "Insulin resistance is a phenomenon in which there is resistance to the action of circulating insulin at the cellular level, in particular, in the liver, in the muscle, and in fact," Dr Ambrish Mithal, chairman, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Max HealthCare, said. What are the symptoms? Dr Mithal noted that there are hardly any symptoms of insulin resistance. But when severe, pigmentation is a classic sign. "Somewhat velvety pigmentation, which begins with just pigmentation, later thickens and turns velvety at the nape of the neck, the neck creases, the axilla that is the armpit, and even near the elbow." This is typically combined with obesity (especially abdominal obesity). Skin tags are also a sign of insulin resistance, Dr Mohan said. He noted that insulin resistance may set in at any age, but it usually starts with puberty, and in girls, it is associated with Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). "In girls, it is associated with hirsutism (excess facial hair, irregular periods, etc.) but it may also occur in males,” Dr Mohan told IANS. How to curb insulin resistance? In addition to diabetes, insulin resistance is also associated with several other conditions, including obesity, and cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks. Dr Mohan advised lifestyle modification including calorie restriction, reduction in carbohydrates, improving physical activity, proper sleep, etc. "Avoid refined carbohydrates, take carbohydrates with a lot of fibre, avoid fats, particularly the saturated fats like butter and ghee, eat nuts like almonds, walnuts -- healthy sources of fats," Dr Mithal said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
03 June,2024 10:37 AM IST | New Delhi | IANSWhile air conditioning (AC) provides much-needed respite in the scorching summers when mercury is soaring high, its prolonged use may also raise several health risks including skin and respiratory problems, warned doctors on Sunday. With the advent of rapidly growing urban regions and income growth, more people are using ACs to protect from high heat exposures. It usually works on the principle of cooling air by reducing the humidity following condensation of the water vapour. "Prolonged exposure can cause a lot of health hazards ranging from dry, flaky and stretched skin to headaches, dry cough, dizziness and nausea, trouble concentrating, fatigue, and sensitivity to odours," Suhas H S, consultant pulmonologist, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru said. It may also worsen respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, and raise the risk of infections if AC is not maintained adequately, added the doctor. The health experts advised to avoid prolonged exposure to the cold. "The medical problem associated with air conditioning is that they do not have proper filtration, the ideal HEPA filters which are recommended or they're in very few branded good company air conditioners. Lack of this chokes the filters due to pollution, and increases the risks for infection," M Wali, senior consultant, Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. "The risk is more in commercial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) set up than home AC setups. Though not much data is available regarding home AC cooling systems and bacterial contamination, certain bacteria do form biofilm on the cooling coils and may lead to infections in humans exposed to AC for more than 90 per cent of time," added Satish Koul, Senior Director & Unit Head, Internal Medicine, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram. An example may be legionnaires disease -- a severe form of pneumonia. Legionnaires disease was discovered based on the contamination of water in the HVAC system and consequent aerosol mist leading to the spread of the atypical bacteria, Satish said. Further, suddenly walking into a cold AC room from exposure to severe heat, may cause bronchoconstriction -- narrowing of the airways, said Wali. This may be more prominent in people with asthma. The experts suggested proper cleaning of AC filters and switching off ACs every two hours. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
03 June,2024 09:59 AM IST | New Delhi | IANSA 10-year-old child, kept in chains, has been admitted to the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital (IMHH) here after a video of him went viral on social media. The kid's family, belonging to Gorakhpur, had reached Agra for treatment of the child who, according to the parents, had a tendency to harm himself and was thus chained. Based on the disability certificate, issued by the Chief Medical Officer of Sant Kabir Nagar, doctors in the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital termed it a case of cerebral palsy, a disability caused by damage to the brain and not a psychiatric disorder. However, required clinical investigations would be carried out as part of the treatment, they said. On Sunday, a video went viral, showing a 10-year-old boy on the pavement, tied with chains. The family had arrived from Gorakhpur and claimed that they had gone to the Mental Hospital of Agra, now known as the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital (IMHH), but were asked to come after two days. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
03 June,2024 09:29 AM IST | Agra | IANSStress during childhood is linked with earlier substance use in male and female adolescents, a new study showed on Saturday. Early life stress is children’s experiences of abuse, neglect and conflict. According to the study presented at ‘ENDO 2024’, the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in Boston, traumatic events may increase substance use risk for males, while environmental stress and early puberty may increase the risk for females. Lead researcher Alexandra Donovan said that starting substance use at an earlier age is associated with more severe substance use disorder in adulthood. “Early life stress and early puberty have both been associated with early substance use, but it wasn’t clear whether these connections are the same across boys and girls,” said Donovan from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science in Los Angeles, California. Donovan and colleagues evaluated sex differences in the impact of puberty and stress on alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use by age 13. They analysed data from 8,608 male and female participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, who were 9 or 10 years old when the study began. Early life stress increased the likelihood of earlier substance use for males by 9-18 per cent and for females by 13-20 per cent. “Our study supports the link between early life stress and teen substance use, extending our understanding of how this connection can differ across sex,” Donovan said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
01 June,2024 07:17 PM IST | New York | IANS
It is not your usual will and is completely different from euthanasia. It is not just any legal document. It is legally recognisable in the eyes of Indian law. A living will is a friend to those who cannot communicate or are no longer of sound mind to make medical decisions for themselves. A living will is probably one of the best decisions you can make for yourself and your family members. Given the fact that illnesses of all kinds, from cancers to lifestyle diseases, are on the rise, it has become extremely crucial for every adult to secure themselves medically for times when they become incapacitated. A living will enables you to do just that. With World Health Day 2024 around the corner, Mid-day.com chose to speak to experts who volunteered to educate our readers about living will. While health experts refused to comment on the subject, three legal experts shared relevant insights on what a living will is, why one should draft the document, its advantages, and limitations, as well as the procedure to get a living will drafted. What is a living will? As explained by Bhaavya Roy, managing partner and founder, Kranti Law Offices, a ‘living will’ also known as an Advanced Medical Directive is essentially a legal document that allows an individual to specify their wishes and instructions about medical treatment and end-of-life care in the scenario that they become terminally ill or incapacitated and are unable to communicate. The term end-of-life care refers to medical care and support offered to patients and their families during the time leading up to death. The motive is to help patients live life as comfortably as possible by effectively managing physical symptoms and providing emotional, spiritual, and social support. Adding to Roy’s explanation, Subhadip Choudhuri, advocate, Calcutta High Court, specialising in civil laws, real estate laws and estate planning, says, “A living will is prepared by a person while they are of sound mind. In the will, one may also choose to pre-determine whether they would prefer to continue to exist on life support or recommend its withdrawal in case such an event arises.” Adding to this, Shreya Sharma, lawyer, founder, Rest The Case highlights a key piece of information. She says, “A living will is completely different from a will. Unlike a regular will or testament which deals with the distribution of assets after death, a living specifically addresses healthcare decisions while the individual is still alive.” Also Read: Death by suicide after 1st period: Why menstruation education is importantHow is it different from euthanasia? One must not confuse preparing a living will with euthanasia. Choudhuri elucidates, “Euthanasia is the act of ending the life of a terminally ill patient by his physician to save the patient from unbearable suffering which cannot be otherwise alleviated.” Euthanasia is of two types - active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia may be administered at the request of the patient (voluntary euthanasia), without the patient's consent and at the discretion of his physician (involuntary euthanasia), and in instances where the patient is not in a state to provide consent (non-voluntary euthanasia). Passive euthanasia or the act of withdrawing the life support of a patient, who would otherwise not be alive, has been generally accepted worldwide. Countries like the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Colombia, Canada, Australia and a few others have accepted the administration of voluntary euthanasia only if certain conditions are met and the prescribed guidelines have been followed. Involuntary euthanasia is prohibited and illegal in most countries. In 2018, the Supreme Court of India in its judgment in Common Cause (A Registered Society) v. Union of India and Another has allowed passive euthanasia of terminally ill patients provided the prescribed safeguards and guidelines have been strictly followed. Choudhuri opines, “It may not be proper to put living will and euthanasia in the same basket. Euthanasia is a procedure while a living will is a document that contains the pre-determined consent of a person to undergo the procedure of euthanasia in case he is not able to specify his choice while being mortally ill.” Is it legal in India? Roy says drafting a living will is legal in India. “Post the 2018 judgement of the Apex Court in the matter of Common Cause vs Union of India, patient autonomy with regards to end-of-life medical care was taken into consideration and passive euthanasia was legalised in India. The Supreme Court laid out an elaborate procedure for living wills and their enforceability. This was primarily taken into consideration given the Right to Life under Article 21 of the Constitution.” The right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India promises dignity in the process of dying. Depriving a person of their dignity during the end of their life is equivalent to depriving them of a meaningful existence. Thus, the Supreme Court of India recognised the right to make advance directives for medical treatment, including the decision to refuse life-sustaining treatment. Also Read: It's ‘that time’ of the month: Is India ready to have a menstrual leave policy? Should one draft a living will? “Living wills are incredibly helpful,” says Sharma. “Any adult who wants to have a say in their medical care should consider drafting a living will, particularly those with specific preferences or concerns about medical treatment.” Further, she states, “A living will also allows one to express their preference regarding the donation of organs and tissues after their passing, potentially saving or improving the lives of others.” Roy adds, “However morbid the conversation around living wills may be for family and friends, a living will ensure that the dignity of the executor remains prime in medical scenarios leading to the demise of the individual – dare I further add that the psychological and financial aspect, on the concerned caregivers wherein the dilemma of the said decision may impedingly loom on them.” Sharing his viewpoint, Choudhuri states, “A living will effectively safeguard a person's right to live with dignity and his right to die with dignity. A person can specifically state which medical procedures they would be willing to undergo and which they would not, in case they suffer from any ailments in the future that would not enable them to convey their decision then.” He goes on to say, “A living will remove any doubt that may arise in the minds of the doctors at the time of treatment of the person. One can also appoint a person who would have the right to make decisions on his behalf regarding the medical treatment and care to be provided to him. A pre-recorded consent also relieves a person's family members from making the painful decision to withdraw life support and let the person die or to allow him to live and suffer in excruciating pain. Further, the doctors would also feel assured that by withdrawing the life support they would not be acting unlawfully, as they had the consent of the patient.” Thus, all three legal experts think that any adult in a healthy and sound state of mind who is capable of understanding the purpose and consequences of drafting his living must decide to draft such a document. Also Read: Rising cases of child abuse in schools: How to ensure student safety?What is the procedure for drafting the will? Only an adult of the age of 18 years or above can prepare a living will. The Supreme Court in the Common Causes Judgement laid down a procedure for the execution of a living will which is as follows: 1. The executor is required to sign the will in the presence of two, preferably independent, attesting witnesses. 2. The will shall then be countersigned by the Judicial Magistrate, after which the witness and the Judicial Magistrate record their satisfaction regarding the fact of voluntary execution and absence of any coercion or inducement or compulsion. 3. The living will is to be made in multiple copies which shall be kept in the custody of the Judicial Magistrate and with the registry of the jurisdictional District Court and the competent officer of the Municipality or Panchayat. 4. Further, a copy needs to be provided to close friends and family and family physicians, if any. There is as such no bar in making multiple copies of the living will and handing them to such persons. Ensure you hand out the copies to those you may deem necessary and who may ensure that the healthcare providers are intimated and made aware at the relevant time. What should be mentioned in the will? A living will should be signed in the presence of two attesting witnesses and affirmed by a judicial magistrate. In a scenario, wherein the individual is terminally ill, the doctor overseeing treatment is mandated to constitute a board of three experts, having 20 years of experience in the medical field. Essentially, the contents of the said document should clearly state medical treatment guidelines. The instructions shall be clear and easy to understand. Primarily the document shall show that the person making the said document is clear of the consequence of the document. It has to be clearly stated in the living will under what circumstances should no medical treatment be provided or withdrawn. The living will should also clearly indicate that the executor has reserved his right to revoke or amend it at any point in time. Further, one or more guardians or close relatives should be nominated and entrusted with making decisions on behalf of the executor regarding the refusal or withdrawal of medical treatment by the directions in the living will in case it becomes necessary. It is recommended to consult a trusted physician who can properly advise what ailments the person may incur based on his present health conditions as well as his family health history. As per the physician's recommendations, the person should address all such ailments in a detailed manner after considering and understanding the implications of accepting or rejecting a particular medical treatment. To ensure accuracy, it's crucial to work with a qualified legal professional experienced in drafting living wills. Clearly communicate your preferences, review the document carefully before signing, and periodically update it as needed. Are there any downsides to drafting a living will?Although there remains no doubt that drafting a living will offer numerous benefits, one cannot overlook its certain limitations. Choudhuri lists some common ones: A person in a healthy state at present can never determine with surety what they would want when they are in a terminally ill situation in the future. Their refusal to any particular treatment is solely based on their assumption and their limited knowledge of what might ensue and not what they will face then in the future. There also remains a possibility that with the advancement of medical science, an ailment that is not curable at present may be effectively treated and cured in the future. Further, a person's living will may not be communicated to the health care provider at the relevant point of time in case the family or the persons entrusted decide not to. The healthcare provider may also decide not to abide by the living will on the ground that the patient lacked proper understanding of the ailment and of the consequences of the withdrawal of medical treatment at the time of executing the document. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
01 June,2024 06:35 PM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha AhireHiatus hernia is a condition that is more common than often realised, affecting individuals of various ages and backgrounds. This type of internal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through a widened opening in the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscular sheet separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Sometimes, it can weaken, leading to the development of a hiatus hernia. Dr Aparna Govil Bhasker, consultant bariatric and laparoscopic surgeon, metaheal- laparoscopy and bariatric surgery centre, Mumbai, Saifee, Apollo and Namaha Hospitals, Mumbai, says, “This condition can be present from birth and may also occur due to factors such as weight lifting, severe constipation, chronic cough, or in the elderly and individuals with obesity.” Types of hiatus hernia There are mainly two types of hiatus hernia: 1. Sliding hiatus hernia: This is the most common type of hiatus hernia. In this type, the junction of the food pipe and stomach and sometimes the upper part of the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatal opening. This movement can lead to symptoms such as acid reflux, heartburn, and regurgitation of stomach contents into the food pipe. 2. Para-oesophageal hernia: This is a less common type where the stomach and the food pipe remain in their natural positions, but a part of the stomach may protrude through the hiatal opening. This type of hernia can lead to complications such as strangulation of stomach tissue and impaired blood supply. This can be very painful and also lead to vomiting. Also Read: Uncontrolled hypertension in the young can raise risk of heart failure, vision loss and cognitive decline: Doctors Signs and symptomsSymptoms of hiatus hernia can vary, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms while others may have severe acid reflux. Common signs and symptoms include heartburn, acidity, swallowing difficulties, vomiting, and acid reflux. These symptoms may worsen when lying down or bending and improve when in an upright position. Some individuals may also experience breathlessness and asthma-like symptoms, while others may experience change in voice, and develop ulcers leading to blood in vomiting or dark-coloured stools. DiagnosisDiagnosing a hiatus hernia involves a comprehensive evaluation, including a detailed history and clinical examination. Various tests may be conducted, such as: 1. Barium swallow or esophagogram: This test involves drinking a barium solution that helps visualise the stomach's silhouette on fluoroscopy. 2. Upper GI endoscopy: A procedure using an endoscope to visualise the stomach and duodenum to assess the hiatal defect's size and grade. 3. 24-hour pH manometry: Measures acid pressure and movement within the food pipe. Also Read: Yeast infection, UTI and Jock itch: Common infections of intimate areas and prevention tips TreatmentTreatment for hiatus hernia includes lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, medications and surgical intervention. Patients are advised to eat small frequent meals, avoid spicy and oily foods, have an early dinner, and sleep with the head elevated. Antacid medications may provide relief for some patients. Surgery is recommended for those who do not respond to medications, experience complications like Barrett's oesophagus, asthma-like symptoms, or ulcers. Surgery for hiatus herniaSurgery for hiatus hernia, particularly for those with symptomatic or complicated cases, may be recommended by healthcare professionals. Here is an overview of the surgical options for hiatus hernia: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication: This is one of the most common surgical procedures for hiatus hernia. It involves making several small incisions in the abdomen through which a laparoscope and surgical instruments are inserted. The surgeon makes a 360 degree wrap of the upper part of the stomach (fundus) around the lower part of the food-pipe along with tightening of the lax crura. Also Read: Vital organ damage to death: Mumbai doctors share tips to protect yourself from heatstroke in summer Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication: Similar to Nissen fundoplication, Toupet fundoplication is also performed laparoscopically. In this procedure, the fundus of the stomach is partially wrapped around the esophagus, creating a 270-degree wrap instead of a full 360-degree wrap as in Nissen fundoplication. It's important to note that the choice of surgical approach depends on various factors, including the size and type of hernia, severity of symptoms, overall health of the patient, and surgeon's expertise. Patients undergoing surgery for hiatus hernia should discuss the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes with their surgeon to make an informed decision about the most suitable surgical option. In conclusion, consulting a healthcare professional and seeking the right treatment is essential for individuals with hiatus hernia. By understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, individuals can effectively manage this condition and improve their quality of life. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
01 June,2024 01:51 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentCalling for accelerated action against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), global experts, including from India, at the 77th World Health Assembly (decision-making body of the WHO), have once again reiterated that AMR continues to be among the top-10 global health threats. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director General, said that AMR is a growing and urgent crisis that is already a leading cause of untimely deaths globally. He stressed that more than two people die of AMR every single minute. “AMR threatens to unwind centuries of progress in human health, animal health and other sectors,” he added. Dr Kamini Walia, Convener and Co-Chairperson of the Scientific Committee of Global AMR Media Alliance (GAMA), said that AMR inflicts significant mortality, morbidity and economic loss in low-and middle-income countries, including India. “Several countries in Asia and Africa have observed a worrying trend of increasing drug resistance, while progress towards AMR containment efforts remains scattered and fragmented,” said Dr Walia, also a senior AMR scientist at the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). She said that countries need to invest in strengthening healthcare systems, and prioritising prevention interventions, like infection control in hospitals and communities and vaccinations. Dr Ramanan Laxminarayan of One Health Trust, who is one of the authors of The Lancet series, said that AMR has set the stage for advancing the ‘One Health’ approach -- which is a recognition that our health is intrinsically intertwined with animal health, food and agriculture and our environment. The United Nations General Assembly High-Level Meeting (UNHLM) on AMR will be held in September this year. Also Read: Can exercise raise risk of knee osteoarthritis?
01 June,2024 12:53 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSSuffering from knee osteoarthritis? Avoid physical activities, such as walking, running or playing a sport, according to a top neurologist. Exercise is known to boost health, but it may worsen knee osteoarthritis - a degenerative joint disease characterised by chronic pain and limited joint movement in the knees. It is typically caused by wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. Citing a recent study, published in the JAMA Network Open, Sudhir Kumar, from Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, asked people with the condition to avoid weight-bearing physical activities, such as walking, running, or playing a sport. Instead, he asked them to indulge in "non-weight bearing activities, such as cycling or swimming, as these were not associated with the incidence of knee osteoarthritis." For the study, researchers from the University Medical Center Rotterdam in the Netherlands included 5,003 individuals, of which 2,804 were women. It showed that weight-bearing activities were not associated with knee osteoarthritis in people with intermediate or high lower-limb muscle mass index (LMI). "People with poor lower limb muscle mass/strength should prefer non-weight-bearing physical activities," Sudhir said. "Lower limb muscle strengthening exercises (especially quadriceps) should be prioritised in people engaging in weight-bearing activities. People with good lower limb muscle mass/strength can safely continue with weight-bearing activities without any fear of knee pain or knee osteoarthritis," he said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
01 June,2024 10:24 AM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Global data, according to Dr Prashant Nair, consultant, cardiology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, suggest that over five per cent of adolescents have hypertension and 14 per cent have elevated BP levels (prehypertension). A recent study from India showed a prevalence of over seven per cent for adolescent hypertension. In India, high prevalence of hypertension among young adults (20–44 years) is also found. The prevalence in this age group is more than twice the prevalence in a similar population in the United States. “This is a disturbing trend because it puts an increasing number of young Indians at an increased risk of premature mortality due to cardiovascular causes,” highlights Nair. Similarly, Dr C. K. Ponde, section head, invasive and non-invasive, consultant, cardiologist, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mahim, says, “Young adults are at risk of hypertension. This is due to several social and lifestyle-related factors. Many Indian studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension in the young group – between the age group of 20-45, has significantly increased over the past 10 years. Today, one in four young adults living in urban areas have hypertension and sadly only half of them are aware that they suffer from it. Out of which, only half take proper treatment.” Ahead of World Hypertension Day, observed annually on May 17 to raise awareness and promote the prevention, detection, and control of hypertension, Mid-day.com conversed with health experts who shed light on the increasing number of young adults having hypertension and tips to keep it under check for living an overall healthy life. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition that is characterised by elevated pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as it circulates through the body. Dr. V.K.G. Rajasekar, chief director, cardiology, Artemis Cardiac Care and GEM Artemis Heart Centre, Chennai, states, “When the pressure remains consistently high over time, it can cause various health complications, like heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision problems.” Normal and elevated blood pressure“Normally any blood pressure above 130/85 is considered high. As per new guidelines, any blood pressure above 120/80 is considered high/normal,” says Ponde. Rajasekar elucidates, “Blood pressure measurements basically consist of two numbers: systolic and diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure represents the force of blood against the artery walls when the heart beats, while the diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.” The basic blood pressure chart is as follows:1. Normal: - Systolic: Less than 120 mmHg - Diastolic: Less than 80 mmHg 2. Elevated: - Systolic: 120-129 mmHg - Diastolic: Less than 80 mmHg 3. Hypertension Stage 1: - Systolic: 130-139 mmHg - Diastolic: 80-89 mmHg 4. Hypertension Stage 2: - Systolic: 140 mmHg or higher - Diastolic: 90 mmHg or higher 5. Hypertensive Crisis: - Systolic: Higher than 180 mmHg - Diastolic: Higher than 120 mmHg It's important to understand that a single high reading doesn't necessarily mean you have high blood pressure. Diagnosis generally involves multiple readings over time. Causes of hypertension in young adults Ponde highlights four main causes of hypertension in young adults. 1. Sedentary lifestyle 2. Regular high salt intake 3. Fast food and fatty food that leads to the expansion of body mass index or obesity4. Psycho-social stress at the workplace and in nuclear families Additionally, Rajasekar shares, “Poor dietary habits, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking, lack of adequate sleep, and underlying health conditions like diabetes or kidney disease can also elevate blood pressure in young people.” Health risks of hypertension in youngHypertension in young people can cause various health complications and risks, including an increased likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases like heart attack, stroke, and heart failure at a younger age. Also, uncontrolled hypertension can damage blood vessels and organs over time, leading to kidney disease, vision loss, and peripheral artery disease. Hypertension also increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia later in life. Furthermore, it can complicate pregnancies in young women, increasing the risk of preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related issues. Early detection, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate medical management are necessary to prevent and manage these potential health risks. Also Read: 18-year-old girl gives new lease of life to four; parents donate organs after daughter's tragic death Symptoms of hypertension in young According to Nair, “Most people with hypertension don’t feel any symptoms. However, very high blood pressure can cause headaches, blurred vision, chest pain and other symptoms.” People with very high blood pressure (usually 180/120 or higher) can experience symptoms including: Severe headachesChest painDizzinessDifficulty breathingNauseaVomitingBlurred vision or other vision changesAnxietyConfusionBuzzing in the earsNosebleedsAbnormal heart rhythm It's important to understand that these symptoms can vary widely among people. Regular blood pressure monitoring, especially for those with risk factors, is necessary for early detection and appropriate management of hypertension in young adults. Treatment to keep high blood pressure in check As stated by Ponde, “Key lifestyle modifications like a healthy diet and stress management activities are recommended to keep hypertension within normal limits. However, in cases of critical high blood pressure, multiple drugs can be used such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs and calcium blockers. These drugs in combination or isolation are effective in treating hypertension.” Additionally, Rajasekar says, “It's important to maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while limiting sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars is crucial. One must include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like poultry, fish, tofu, and legumes, and healthy fats from sources like nuts, seeds, and avocado. Emphasising fiber-rich foods, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, helps in maintaining a healthy weight and promotes heart health.” Foods to strictly avoid or limit are those high in sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars, such as processed foods, sugary beverages, fried foods, and excessive amounts of red meat. Minimising intake of these foods helps in having good overall health and helps in preventing conditions like obesity and hypertension. Further, Regular physical activity, like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, helps in lowering blood pressure and improve overall cardiovascular health. Managing stress through relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can also be beneficial. Avoiding tobacco use and limiting alcohol consumption are essential. Furthermore, ensuring an adequate amount of quality sleep at night promotes healthy blood pressure levels. Regular monitoring and follow-up with doctors are necessary for tracking progress and making adjustments as needed.” Reversing high blood pressure in young adultsWhile Ponde and Rajasekar mention that high blood pressure in young adults can be reversed provided one maintains optimal body weight, very low sodium intake, a balanced diet, and manages stress, Nair says, “Whether or not hypertension can be cured largely depends on what is causing it. It helps to understand that there are two main types of high blood pressure – Primary (or essential) hypertension, a high blood pressure that is not caused by an underlying medical condition or medication, which affects 90 per cent of people with hypertension and secondary hypertension which is high blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition or by medication. This accounts for about 10 per cent of hypertension cases. Nair opines, “Primary hypertension cannot be completely reversed. But that doesn’t mean everyone with this kind of high blood pressure needs to take medication. Some people can keep their blood pressure within a healthy range with lifestyle changes. But that requires sustaining these habits long term. However, in some cases, secondary hypertension can be cured by treating the underlying condition.” In conclusion, early detection, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate medical management can help in preventing and managing the woes of hypertension. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
31 May,2024 03:23 PM IST | Mumbai | Aakanksha AhireHormone therapy can be an effective treatment against some breast cancers that are affected by hormones, like oestrogen and progesterone, said health experts on Friday. Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy which can worsen breast cancer. Though not all, some breast cancer tumours express hormone receptors, making them sensitive to hormones, and are termed hormone-sensitive breast cancers. When these receptors bind to oestrogen and progesterone, it promotes tumour growth. Hormonal therapy, an easily available form of treatment and consumed as a tablet, blocks these receptors or stops hormone production to curb cancer growth, reducing the risk of recurrence or metastasis. “While it is called hormonal therapy it is actually ‘anti-hormone’, aimed at reducing the level of oestrogen levels in the body, thereby preventing its action on tumour cells within the body,” Dr. Geeta Kadayaprath, Senior Consultant, Breast Surgery, Apollo Cancer Centres, New Delhi, told IANS. “Hormonal treatment is a very effective form of treatment against hormone-sensitive tumours. In premenopausal women, the option is to use tamoxifen, which prevents the oestrogen hormone from binding to the tumour cells whereas, in postmenopausal women, the preferred option is aromatase inhibitors which prevent the production of the hormone in the periphery, meaning fat, which is also a source of hormones,” the doctor explained. The role of hormone therapy varies from preventive therapy in stage I-III to palliative therapy in stage IV. “While it may not achieve a cure by itself, it plays an important and indispensable role in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer,” Dr Tasneem Bharmal Associate Consultant, Medical Oncology Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Head and Neck Cancer Institute of India, Mumbai, told IANS. Who can opt for it? Dr. Geeta said in older women, with early-stage hormone-sensitive disease, hormonal treatment alone may be used as an adjuvant form of treatment with results equivalent to those who receive chemotherapy. “It is also minus the side effects of chemotherapy though. However, tamoxifen is known to increase the coagulability of blood and increase uterine thickness, rarely leading to uterine cancer. In older women, aromatase inhibitors may be associated with bone pains, muscle pains, and sometimes, increased fracture risk,” she said. Dr Tasneem noted that hormone therapies are widely available in India, “with costs ranging from Rs 200/month to Rs 10,000/month, depending on the prescribed hormone agent”. Potential side effects include hot flashes, osteoporosis, arthralgia, mood swings, and an increased risk of blood clots. The health experts advocated for regular self-awareness, breast self-examination, and early presentation for treatment which are key for optimal outcomes. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
31 May,2024 02:51 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSADVERTISEMENT
